Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed

Administrative Management

Whereas scientific management deals with the jobs of

individual employees,

administrative management

focuses on managing the total orga-

nization. The primary contributors to administrative management were Henri Fayol

(1841–1925), Lyndall Urwick (1891–1983), and Max Weber (1864–1920).

Henri Fayol was administrative management’s most articulate spokesperson. A French

industrialist, Fayol was unknown to U.S. managers and scholars until his most important

work, General and Industrial Management, was translated into English in 1930.

27

Draw-

ing on his own managerial experience, he attempted to systematize management practice

to provide guidance and direction to other managers. Fayol was also the first to identify

the specific managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. He

believed that these functions accurately reflect the core of the management process.

Most contemporary management books (including this one) still use this framework,

and practicing managers agree that these functions are critical parts of their jobs.

After a career as a British army officer, Lyndall Urwick became a noted management

theorist and consultant. He integrated scientific management with the work of Fayol and

Develop a science

for each element of

the job to replace old

rule-of-thumb methods

Scientifically select

employees and then

train them to do the job

as described in step 1

Supervise employees

to make sure they

follow the prescribed

methods for performing

their jobs

Continue to plan 

the work, but use 

workers to get the 

work done