Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed



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management english

Managerial innovations

are changes

in the management process by which products and services are conceived, built, and

delivered to customers.

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They do not necessarily affect the physical appearance or per-



formance of products or services directly. In effect, reengineering, as we discussed earlier,

represents a managerial innovation.



Product Versus Process Innovations

Perhaps the two most important types of

technical innovations are

product innovations

and process innovations. Product innova-

tions are changes in the physical characteristics or performance of existing products or

services or the creation of brand-new products or services.



Process innovations

are


changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed.

Whereas managerial innovations generally affect the broader context of development,

process innovations directly affect manufacturing.

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The original iPhones and iPads were in many ways radical

innovations in that they redefined product categories. Each

subsequent generation of these products, however, such as the

iPad Air shown here, are incremental innovations that take

previous versions and introduce relatively minor improvements

and/or new design features.




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