Mani (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1990) (Hebrew); A Journey to the End of
the Millennium (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1997) (Hebrew); The Mission
of the Human Resource Man (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2004) (Hebrew).
8. N. Sadan-Lubstein, A. B. Yehoshua (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad,
1981), 31–32 (Hebrew).
9. Z. Gurevits and C. Eran, “On the Place—A Local Anthropology,” Alpayyim
4 (1991): 9–11 (Hebrew).
10. “Exile as Neurotic Solution,” in A. B. Yehoshua, For Normality (Jerusalem
and Tel-Aviv: Schoken, 1984), 32–33 (Hebrew).
11. “Between Right and Right,” 78.
12. “The Individual and Society in a Continuing Conflict,” 153.
13. The Liberated Bride, 229. In the Bible the verb “to know” also has a sexual
connotation. See, for example, Genesis 4:1.
14. See “Exile as a Neurotic Solution,” in For Normality, 57–58.
15. These figures are analogous to the figure of “the tale of the floating French
baby” from the allegorical Algerian fairytale which the Arab student from the
Galilee translates for the orientalist. This neglected, orphaned French baby is
adopted by a Muslim woman who throws it in the air from a moving train and
it floats, laughing, in the wind (The Liberated Bride, 179–81).
16. A. B. Yehoshua, Three Days and a Child (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad,
1993), 184 (Hebrew).
17. Gurevits and Eran, “On the Place,” 40–44.
18. Such hybrid creatures, perhaps Israeli and perhaps Palestinian, would
later appear in his book The Liberated Bride.
19. See M. Peri, “Between Barking and Biting: On Another Ending to A Late
Divorce,” Siman Kria 21 (1990): 60–85 (Hebrew).
20. According to Gurevits and Eran, “On the Place,” 40–44, in Jerusalem
the Israeli swings between Judaism that is not native and nativity that is not
his own. Tel-Aviv, on the other hand, is free of confusion because it is entirely
Israeli.
21. M. Bakhtin, Questions on the Poetics of Dostoyevsky (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz
Haarzi, 1987), 125–34 (Hebrew); I. Oppenheimer, “The Concept of Dialogue in
Bakhtin,” Bikoret Veparshanut 28 (1992): 93–107 (Hebrew). For a comprehensive
286 · Carmela Saranga and Rachel Sharaby
discussion on syncretism, see C. Stewart and R. Shaw, eds., Syncretism/Anti-Syn-
cretism (London: Routledge, 1994), 1–26; R. Sharaby, Syncretism and Adjustment:
An Encounter between a Traditional Community and a Socialist Society (Tel-Aviv:
Cherikover, 2002), 17–22 (Hebrew).
22. M. Golani, “The Conversation,” Israel 5 (2004): 190, 198 (Hebrew).
23. Ibid., 194. Yehoshua also refers to Jerusalem before its unification in his
essay “In Search of the Lost Spanish Time,” in The Wall and the Mountain (Tel-
Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1989), 230–31 (Hebrew).
24. Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion (Lincoln: University of Ne-
braska Press, 1996), 382–85, 407–408.
25. The name Galia refers to an earlier story, “Galia’s Wedding,” in which
motifs of searching for the bride and the deportation from Paradise appear,
as well as the motive of the possessed. In this story there is a demonic jour-
ney into a parallel world from which the hero is cast out of his Paradise. See
“Galia’s Wedding,” in A. B. Yehoshua, Until Winter 1974 (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz
Hameuchad, 1975), 45 (Hebrew).
26. D. Hop, “A Look into the Sick Root of Paradise,” Alei Siach 47 (2002):
21–33 (Hebrew).
27. This work contains another character, Yoel, who left Israel and claims
that “Israeliness should be liberated from its locality and be given wings . . . to
try and extract something more spiritual out of it towards the world.” Liberated
Bride, 469.
28. Gurevits and Eran, “On the Place,” 9–11.
29. D. Bar-On, On the Others within Us (Beer-Sheva: Ben-Gurion University,
2000), 1–8 (Hebrew); S. Erlich, “Otherness, Borders, and Dialogue-Musings,” in
H. Deutsch and M. Ben-Sasson, eds., The Other—Between Man and Himself and
the Other (Tel-Aviv: Yediot Aharonot, 2001), 22–32 (Hebrew).
30. A. Gil, “The Reality beyond the Border and the Border of Reality,” Iton 77,
no. 262 (2001): 18 (Hebrew).
31. For example, the hero of Yehoshua’s Molcho (Tel-Aviv: Hakibbutz
Hameuchad, 1987) melts borders and tries to disrupt law and order. Many other
figures in Yehoshua’s works act in this manner.
32. A. Shavit, “Yehoshua’s Passion,” Ha᾿aretz supplement, 19 March 2004, 28
(Hebrew).
33. A. Gil, “The Reality beyond the Border,” 19.
34. M. Golani, “The Conversation,” 180.
35. I. Hareuveni, Portrait 2 (Tel-Aviv: Nimrod, 2003), 23 (Hebrew).
36. Yehoshua draws his attitude toward the Arabs from his father, who was
an orientalist and a teacher of Arabic and wrote books about them. See ibid.,
26–28.
37. Yehoshua begins the chapter that deals in the hunters with a motto by
Kafka: “I have a strange pet, half kitten, half lamb. It’s a hand-me-down from
my father, but only now has it begun to grow from Kafka.” The Liberated Bride,
520.
Jewish-Muslim Relations in the Israeli Space in Yehoshua’s Literary Works · 287
38. The name of this city, Jenin, reverberates with opposites. Janna means
Paradise, and Jinnie means demon.
39. Sakakin in Arabic is the plural of the word knife and is also the name of a
person in Islamic history, Khalil al-Sakakini (Sakakini means “knife-maker”).
40. On the motif of the lost Paradise, see H. Halperin, “The Deportation from
Paradise, the Right of Return, Liberty, and What Is between Them: Infrastruc-
ture Pattern in The Liberated Bride,” ῾Alei Siaḥ 47 (2002): 35–53 (Hebrew).
41. This cellar is also called “aggregating pot” and is the home of Rashad’s
sister, Rauda, who wants to return to her home in the Galilee.
42. Louis Ginzberg, “Adam and Eve in Paradise,” Legends of the Jews (Phila-
delphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002), 1:69–71.
43. On the earthly and heavenly Paradise, see Hop, “A Look into the Sick
Root of Paradise.”
44. The theme of marriage to a creature who appears to be a woman but
is actually a she-demon has been used since the days of the Talmud and the
consolidation of the rabbinic literature. The Hebrew formulations of the story
evolved in the Orient and in the West and even developed into a novel, Ma῾ase
Yerushalmi. See N. Abarbanel, Eve and Lillit (Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University,
1994), 47–70 (Hebrew); C. Saranga and R. Sharaby, “Expression of Otherness in
the Works of A. B. Yehoshua,” Alpayim 34 (2009).
45. “A Jerusalem Tale,” in H. Pesach and E. Yasif, eds., The Knight, the De-
mon, and the Virgin (Jerusalem: Keter, 1998), 155–73 (Hebrew); M. Berdyczewski,
“The Ring,” Secrets and Legends (Tel-Aviv: Am Oved, 1967): 282–83 (Hebrew); P.
Sadeh, “The Kiss” and “The Goldsmith and His Two Wives,” in The Book of the
Jews’ Imaginations (Tel-Aviv: Schocken, 1983), 64–66, 72–74 (Hebrew).
46. Shavit, “Yehoshua’s Passion,” 28.
47. See Saranga and Sharaby, “Expression of Otherness.”
48. In an interview, Yehoshua claimed that Jerusalem is too symbolic. Its level
is burdensome for him, and people such as Berl Katzenelson understood that it
had something that threatens the Zionist enterprise and they recoiled from it.
Golani, “The Conversation,” 190; Shavit, “Yehoshua’s Passion,” 26.
49. Shavit, “Yehoshua’s Passion.”
50. Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane (New York: Harcourt, 1983); Eli-
ade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, 367–82.
51. H. Bhabha, Nation and Narration (London: Routledge, 1990), 1–7.
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