Russian Mathematics Education


Elementary Mathematical Education



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[Mathematics Education 5] Alexander Karp, Bruce R. Vogeli (editors) - Russian Mathematics Education Programs and Practices (Mathematics Education) (2011, World Scientific Publishing Company)

7

Elementary Mathematical Education

in Russia, 1990s

7.1

Fundamental Program Requirements and

Characteristics of Contemporary Textbooks

Following the social democratization of the 1990s, alternative edu-

cational programs gained official recognition alongside that of Moro

et al.; these included both Zankov and Davydov, as well as N. Ya.

Vilenkin, L. G. Peterson, and N. B. Istomina (Programmy, 1998). The

appearance of competing programs in general education and preschool

training led to the development of an Educational Standard and the

Conception of the Content of Continuous Education.

The Educational Standard for Russian Schools (Uchebnye stan-

darty, 1998) acknowledges the changing role of mathematics in

general culture and education. The Conception of the Content of

Continuous Education sets out the following objectives for elementary

mathematical education:

• Development of the basic forms of intuitive and logical thinking

and mathematical language; development of intellectual operations

(analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, etc.); ability to oper-

ate with symbolic systems;




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The History and the Present State

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• Command of a specific system of mathematical notions and com-



mon operations;

• A basic grasp of the leading mathematical method for understand-

ing the physical reality — mathematical modeling (Kontseptsiya,

2000, pp. 16–17).

The Federal Educational Standards (second generation), set to take

effect in 2010, lay out performance requirements, structural guidelines,

and conditions (staffing, financial, technical, material, etc.). Standards

consider subject-specific performance alongside metadisciplinary and

personal accomplishments. Personal accomplishments include readi-

ness and capacity for self-development, motivation for study and

acquisition of knowledge, system of values, and foundations of civic

identity. Metadisciplinary accomplishments include universal learning

operations (which form the basis of learning capability) and interdis-

ciplinary notions. Subject-specific performance includes acquisition and

application of new subject-specific skills, as well as a system of elements

of scientific knowledge at the basis of the contemporary scientific

understanding of the world.

Subject-specific performance requirements in Mathematics and Infor-

matics include the following (Ministry, 2009, pp. 12–13):

• Using mathematical skills to describe and explain objects, processes,

and phenomena, and to evaluate their quantitative and spatial

characteristics;

• Receiving the foundations of logical and analytical thinking, spatial

imagination and mathematical speech, measurement, enumeration,

estimation and assessment, visual representation of data and pro-

cesses, notation and performance of algorithms;

• Basic experience in using mathematical skills to solve theoretical

and practical problems;

• Ability to perform arithmetical operations (oral and written) with

numbers and numeral expressions; solve word problems; follow an

algorithm and construct basic algorithms; examine, identify, and

reproduce geometrical figures; work with tables, diagrams, graphs,

sequences, and populations; visualize, analyze, and interpret data;

• Basic notions of computer literacy.



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