an outbreak of rioting the amused onlookers
We stress the adverb: 'outbreak.
232 Phrasal verb meanings
1 Introduction
a Some phrasal verbs are easy to understand if you know the meaning of each word.
You'll have to turn round here and go back.
Jeremy stopped and put down both the suitcases.
These verbs express movement.
But often the phrasal verb has an idiomatic meaning.
I've given up smoking. (= stopped)
The idea has caught on in a big way. (= become popular)
NOTE
Sometimes the adverb adds very little to the meaning.
David rang me (up) yesterday.
b Sometimes there is a one-word verb with the same meaning as the phrasal verb.
The phrasal verb is usually more informal.
Scientists are trying to find out/discover the reason why.
We must fix up/arrange a meeting.
The problem won't just go away/disappear.
The accident held up/delayed traffic for an hour.
You have failed to keep up/maintain your monthly payments.
You've left out/omitted two names from the guest list.
They've put off/postponed the match until next week.
A new company has been set up/established.
PAGE 305
28 PHRASAL VERBS AND PATTERNS WITH PREPOSITIONS PAGE 306
c Some verbs can take a number of different adverbs.
The child took two steps and fell down.
Enthusiasm for the project has fallen off. (= become less)
Kevin and Diana have fallen out. (= quarrelled)
I'm afraid the deal fell through. (= didn't happen)
And the most common adverbs go with many different verbs.
The cat got up a tree and couldn't climb down.
I can't bend down in these trousers.
A pedestrian was knocked down by a car.
Interest rates may come down soon.
d A phrasal verb can have more than one meaning, often a concrete and an abstract
meaning.
We've been to the supermarket. Gavin is bringing in the groceries.
The government are bringing in a new law. (= introducing)
2 Some common adverbs
Here are some adverbs used in phrasal verbs.
back = in return
ring/phone you back later, invite someone back, get your money back
down = to the ground
knocked down/pulled down the old hospital, burn down, cut down a tree, break
down a door
down = on paper
write down the number, copy down, note down, take down
down = becoming less
turn down the volume, slow down, afire dying down, let down the tyres
down = stopping completely
a car that broke down, a factory closing down
off = away, departing/removing
start off/set off on a journey, clear off, a plane taking off, see someone off, sell
goods off cheaply, strip off wallpaper
off = away from work
knocking off at five (informal), take a day off
off = disconnected
put off/turn off/switch off the heating, cut off our water, ring off
off = succeeding
the plan didn't come off, managed to pull it off
on = wearing
trying a coat on, had a sweater on, put my shoes on
on = connected
put/turned/switched the cooker on
on = continuing
go on/carry on a bit longer, work on late, hang on/hold on (= wait), keep on
doing something
out= away, disappearing
rub out these pencil marks, cross out, wipe out, put out afire, turn out the light,
blow out a candle, iron out the creases
out= completely, to an end
my pen has run out, it turned out all right in the end, clean out a cupboard, fill
out a form, work out/think out/find out the answer, write out in full, wear out
the motor, sort out the confusion
out= unconscious
the boxer was knocked out, I passed out/blacked out.
out= to different people
gave out/handed out copies of the worksheet, shared out the food between them
out= aloud
read out the rules for everyone to hear, shout out, cry out, speak out (= express
an opinion publicly)
out= clearly seen
can't make out the words, stand out in a crowd, pick out the best, point out a
mistake
over= from start to finish
read over/check over what I've written, think over/talk over a problem, go over
the details, get over an illness
up = growing, increasing
blowing up balloons, pump up a tyre, turn up the volume, step up production,
bring up children
up = completely
lock up before leaving, eat/drink it up, clear up/tidy up the mess, use up all the
sugar, pack up my things, sum up (= summarize), cut up into little pieces
3 More phrasal verbs
A car drew up/pulled up beside us.
We manage to get by on very little money.
What time did you get up?
You'd better look out/watch out or you'll be in trouble.
Look up the word in a dictionary.
We can put you up in our spare bedroom.
The cat was run over by a bus.
We're too busy to take on more work.
The company has taken over a number of small firms.
Why not take up a new hobby?
No one washed up after the meal.
4 Be + adverb
We can use an adverb with be.
We'll be away on holiday next week. (= not at home)
Will you be in tomorrow? (= at home)
Long skirts are in at the moment. (= in fashion)
The match is off because of the weather. (= not taking place)
Is there anything on at the theatre? (= showing, happening)
I rang but you were out. (= not at home)
The party's over. It's time to go. (= finished)
What's up? (= What's the matter?/What's happening?)
PAGE 307
232 Phrasal verb meanings
28 PHRASAL VERBS AND PATTERNS WITH PREPOSITIONS PAGE 308
233 Prepositional verbs
1 A prepositional verb is a verb + preposition, e.g. ask for, depend on. • 231 (2)
Which preposition goes after the verb is mainly a matter of idiom. Some verbs can
take a number of different prepositions.
Come and look at the view.
We spent an hour looking round the shops.
Can you help me look for my cheque book?
I had to stay at home to look after the dog.
The police are looking into the incident.
People look on this neighbourhood as the least desirable in town.
NOTE
a A few prepositional verbs have the same meaning as a one-word verb.
I asked for/requested a room facing south.
We got to/reached the airport just in time.
How did you come by/obtain these documents?
b Some verbs can take either a direct object or a preposition, depending on the meaning.
I paid the taxi-driver/the bill.
I paid for the taxi.
The committee approved the plans. (= accepted, allowed)
I don't approve of laziness. (= think it right)
2 There are many prepositional verbs. Here are some examples.
The man admitted to/confessed to the crime.
It all amounts to/comes to quite a lot of money.
We apologize for the delay.
Tina has applied for dozens of jobs.
We arrived at/in Ipswich ten minutes late.
That's no way to behave to/towards your friends.
I don't believe in eating meat.
Who does this bag belong to?
We should benefit from the tax changes.
I came across the article in a magazine.
The car collided with a van.
I want to concentrate on my maths.
The flat consists of four rooms.
We managed to cope with all of these difficulties.
The car crashed into a wall.
I'll have to deal with/see about the arrangements.
We decided on a caravan holiday.
The price depends on when you travel.
Can you dispose of the rubbish?
We have to do without/go without luxuries.
You didn't fall for that trick, did you?
I don't feel like doing any work.
Brown doesn't go with grey.
Has anything like that ever happened to you?
We're hoping for an improvement in the weather.
She insisted on playing her tape.
Why do other people always interfere in/with my affairs?
Someone was knocking at/on the door.
I was listening to the weather forecast.
You just can't live on £80 a week.
I objected to being kept waiting.
An idea has just occurred to me.
He hates parting with his money.
Seventy countries participated in the Games.
The man pointed at/to a sign.
IDo'stlaringiz bilan baham: |