AGAINST
11
Against denoting reactions
11a
Against is used after verbs and nouns denoting (often negative) reactions to
situations, beliefs, people, events, etc.
Some common verbs frequently followed by against include:
[talking about speaker B’s computer]
A: One thing you could do is you could actually upgrade this machine.
B: I know but I decided against it.
A: So you think it’s fair to discriminate against age?
B: After a certain age, I think.
We will vote against it but we will be in the minority.
Some common nouns frequently followed by against include:
She emphasised the need for concerted action against poverty and inequality
which force children into exploitative work.
There is not a scrap of evidence against her.
There’s a law against murder but people go out and still murder don’t they and
rob banks and what have you.
Against denoting physical contact
11b
Against is frequently used to indicate physical contact between two or more
things:
There was a man leaning against the wall.
accusation
action
aggression
allegation
appeal
argument
battle
campaign
case
charge
complaint
crusade
defence
demonstration
discrimination
evidence
fight
grievance
grudge
law
prejudice
protection
protest
reaction
rebellion
safeguard
act
advise
argue
be
campaign
decide
demonstrate
discriminate
fight
go
guard
have something
militate
react
rebel
speak out
struggle
testify
vote
34 | From word to grammar: an A–Z
Cambridge Grammar of English
[swimming instructor to a learner]
Right, I want to see your arm. That’s right. No the other one. Face that way.
That one. That’s it. Right, I want to see your arm brushing against your ear.
Against denoting competition
11c
Against occurs frequently with verbs and nouns connected with sport and
competing, such as compete/competition, final, game, match, play, semi-final:
A: We used to go there for football. And cricket we used to play on the
recreation ground.
B: Yes. Mm. And did you have a school team? Play against other schools?
A: No we used to play football against other teams but not cricket.
[the Clifton Downs is an area of open land near the city of Bristol in England]
In the holidays sometimes we played a hockey match against the Clifton
College boys on the Clifton Downs.
✪
Against, not with, is used in sporting contexts with play when two teams or
individuals compete:
It was three years ago when my volleyball team was selected to play against
an Italian one.
(It was three years ago when my volleyball team was selected to play with an
Italian one.)
About, not against, is used with do to refer to taking action to solve problems:
[speaker is talking about a very noisy party]
They were all out on the street and Jim and Sally couldn’t sleep. They had to
phone the police. The police couldn’t do anything about it.
(The police couldn’t do anything against it.)
Do not confuse against and contrary to:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: