Chinese
Asia : Asian
France :
French
Spain :
Spanish
Some nationality adjectives can be used as nouns to refer to the nationality of a person:
a Norwegian
an Iraqi
a Belgian
a Brazilian
an Egyptian
a Canadian
(an Irish, a Dutch, a French)
Plural nouns based on the adjective form are used to refer to the population of a country as
a whole:
the Norwegians
the Algerians
the Greeks
the Malaysians
the Israelis
the Venezuelans
Nationality adjectives ending in -ese, -(i)sh or -ch do not inflect in this way:
the Chinese
the Spanish
the French
the Japanese
the Welsh
the Dutch
(the Chineses, the Spanishes)
Û
528 Appendix: Nationalities, countries and regions for a full list
352 | Nouns and determiners
Cambridge Grammar of English
DETERMINERS: INTRODUCTION
187
Determiners indicate the type of reference made by the noun phrase (e.g. definite,
indefinite, possessive); they also indicate number or quantity (e.g. six, much,
some). Determiners come in front position in noun phrases, before adjectives and
noun modifiers. They include words such as a, all, each, five, many, my, no, some,
the, those, which:
This is
a complete mess
.
Where are
my glasses
?
Each time
I’ve tried to sell
the house
I’ve had
no buyers
.
I’m
his best friend
.
I’ve had
several blood tests
.
All the determiners in English are dealt with in this book. They are:
Determiners may occasionally be premodified or postmodified:
Almost all
libraries have got quite a lot of information on those sorts of things.
Many more
professional couples are opting for larger families.
All but one
of the 16 stockmarkets continued to recover this week.
More than one determiner may occur in the noun phrase:
I do
all the housework
, I look after
my two children
at the same time, and I’m
studying.
A: We’ve had lots of visitors as well haven’t we?
B: Yeah.
A: This year we’ve had
both your nieces
, haven’t we?
a/an
all
another
any (strong form)
any (weak form)
both
each
either, neither
enough
every
(a) few, fewer, fewest
half
(a) little, less, least
many, more, most
much, more, most
my, your, his, Jim’s,
etc.
no
one (numeral) two,
three, etc.
some (strong form)
some (weak form)
such (anaphoric)
several
the
this, that, these, those
what (interrogative)
what (quantitative)
what, such
(exclamative)
which
whose
zero determiner
(i.e. no determiner)
Û
539 Glossary for any unfamiliar terms
Nouns and determiners | 353
Where more than one determiner can be used together, there is a fixed order in
which they occur. The table illustrates the sequence:
The order of determiners
quantifier
article or demonstrative
numeral
head
or possessive
all
my
five
cousins
all
three
pages
both
your
nieces
half
a
litre
my
first
exam
those
two
girls
All, both and half can come before articles and demonstratives and possessives,
but quantifiers such as any, few, many, more, some, etc. and numerals cannot.
Where these quantifiers and numerals do occur first, of must be used (
Û
191
):
Can I borrow more of those disks?
I’ve achieved some of my ambitions.
(I’ve achieved some my ambitions.)
Two of his children are getting married around the same time.
DETERMINERS: CHARACTERISTICS OF USE
188
Determiners have particular ways of occurring in noun phrases. In 189–192, four
principal ways in which determiners can occur are described:
1 which determiners can occur with which types of head noun (
189
)
2 whether the determiner can also be used as a pronoun (
190
)
3 whether the determiner can occur as a pronoun followed by of + definite noun
phrase (e.g. some of her friends, but
not this of my food) (
191
)
4 whether the determiner can occur with of and a possessive determiner (e.g. a
cousin of mine arrived, but
not all best friends of hers were there) (
192
)
DETERMINERS AND TYPES OF HEAD NOUN
189
No restrictions
189a
Some determiners may be used with any type of head noun, whether singular or
plural, count or non-count.
The determiners which have no restrictions on use with head nouns are:
any (strong form)
my, your, his, noun
phrase + ’s, etc.
no
some (strong form)
the
what (interrogative)
which
whose
354 | Nouns and determiners
Cambridge Grammar of English
The following are examples with any, no, the strong form of some, and whose:
●
Singular count:
So that’s no problem, is it?
He was driving along up there somewhere, to some village or other, and all of a
sudden this double-decker bus came down the lane.
Whose idea was this?
●
Plural count:
They’ve got no beds for the children.
It wasn’t as bad as some places, because it’s quite a big shop, and we didn’t
queue at all.
I can’t remember whose names were on it.
●
Singular non-count:
Unfortunately, the flight’s available but no accommodation.
Some chocolate makes me sneeze, but I haven’t worked out why.
Whose land are we on?
●
Plural non-count:
Why doesn’t he have any scissors?
He answered the door with no trousers on.
Restricted to singular count or non-count noun
189b
This and that are singular and are used with singular nouns. The noun may be
count or non-count:
She arrived home this morning.
(count)
What’s that book, Nigel?
(count)
It’ll take us ages in this weather.
(non-count)
Restricted to singular count noun
189c
Some determiners may only be used with a singular count noun. These are:
Can I have a stamp for this, please?
Each task should take a couple of minutes to do.
a/an
another
each
either, neither
every
one (numeral)
Û
539 Glossary for any unfamiliar terms
Nouns and determiners | 355
It was in the south part of Dublin and I used to go by tram every day all across
Dublin. I got to know the city so well.
(I used to go by tram every days …)
Quietly Esther checked that neither child was watching, then locked the
kitchen door.
Restricted to singular non-count noun
189d
Much and (a) little, less, least may only be used with a singular non-count noun:
It’s not much pay. There isn’t much work for him these days.
Those animals exported abroad for slaughter are subject to similar
mistreatment, as well as long, arduous journeys over hundreds of miles with
little food or water.
Restricted to plural count noun
189e
Both, many, (a) few, the numerals two, three, four, etc. and several are restricted
to use with plural count nouns:
I’ve been my own boss for many years.
Brighton is a few hours away by train.
Few books are, in a strict sense, necessary.
Restricted to plural count or plural non-count noun
189f
These and those are used with plural count or plural non-count nouns:
These trousers don’t fit me any more.
Those beans are cooked.
Restricted to non-count or plural count noun
189g
Some determiners may only be used with a non-count (singular or plural) noun or
with a plural count noun. These are:
We weren’t given enough information.
(singular non-count)
Rising costs of living and mounting unemployment in the aftermath of war
fuelled discontent with the colonial state. Such discontent could be exploited
by nationalist politicians.
(singular non-count)
all
any (weak form)
enough
some (weak form)
such (anaphoric)
what (quantitative) +
relative clause
what, such
(exclamative)
zero determiner
(i.e. no determiner)
356 | Nouns and determiners
Cambridge Grammar of English
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