Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide

That, those

132b

That

and those are used as substitutes in formal contexts instead of the one/the

ones

for non-count nouns where the substitute noun phrase is taking the place of

a definite noun phrase:

[from a text about computer storage media]

The most commonly used removable drive 

technology

is derived from 

that

found in conventional hard disks, which not only gives you high capacities but

also provides fast performance.

(… is derived from ‘the technology’ found in …)

There are several different kinds of sign language. The most widely used are

those which have developed naturally in a deaf community, such as the

American, British, French, and Swedish Sign Languages.

(or, less formal: The most widely used are the ones which have developed

naturally …)

The results were compared with 

those obtained from the best research laboratories.

In more formal styles, and especially in academic style, that of/those of is used

instead of the one of/the ones of or the … one/the … ones, and is preferred to the

possessive X’s one/X’s ones. This usage is frequent within and across clauses. 

It is much less frequent across sentences:

He founded a school modelled on

that of Confucius.

(He founded a school modelled on the one of Confucius.) 

(preferred to: He founded a school modelled on Confucius’s one.)

Comic books are generally collaborations between a writer and an artist. In a

process similar to 

that of making movies, writers’ scripts are implemented and

interpreted by artists.

The chief sea-connecting canals are 

those of Suez and Panama.

(The chief sea-connecting canals are the Suez and Panama ones.)

That

can only substitute for a thing, and not normally for a person or animal.

Those

may substitute for persons, animals or things:

I overheard them talking. They’re looking for 

the girl

. 

The one who was in all

the papers.

(I overheard them talking. They’re looking for the girl. That who was in all 

the papers.)