A. Virtualization Strategies
As technology develops, the modern network becomes larger
and more capable of providing all kinds of new services. The
cloud computing, and some frameworks such as GENI, FIRE,
G-Lab, F-Lab and AKARI, utilize the large-scale experimental
facilities from networks. However, resources are always limited
and users’ demands keep increasing as well. The sharing of
network hardware resources among users becomes necessary
because it could utilize the existing infrastructure more effi-
ciently and satisfy users’ demands. Network virtualization in
SDN is a good way to provide different users with infrastructure
sharing capabilities [85]. The term OpenFlow often comes with
network virtualization these years. The FlowVisor, the con-
troller software, is a middleware between OpenFlow controllers
and switches. FlowVisor decomposes the given network into
virtual slices, and delegates the control of each slice to a specific
controller [86].
Both OpenFlow and FlowVisor have their limitations in
terms of network management, flexibility, isolation and QoS.
OpenFlow offers common instructions, but lacks standard man-
agement tools. FlowVisor only has access to the data plane, so
the control plane and network controllers have to be managed
by the users of the infrastructure. On the other hand, it can
ensure a logical traffic isolation but with a constant level, which
means that it lacks flexibility. Facing these challenges, re-
searchers try to establish their own architecture based on Open-
Flow or FlowVisor for an improved network virtualization.
FlowVisor can be pre-installed on the commercial hardware,
and can provide the network administrator with comprehensive
rules to manage the network, rather than adjusting the physi-
cal routers and switches. FlowVisor creates slices of network
resources and acts as the controlling proxy of each slice to
different controllers as shown in Fig. 5. The slices may be
switch ports, Ethernet addresses, IP addresses, etc, and they
are isolated and cannot control other traffic. It can dynamically
Fig. 5.
The FlowVisor acts as proxy and provides slices.
Fig. 6.
Various translating functions (C1,C2,C3: different Controllers;
OFI—OpenFlow Instance).
manage these slices and distribute them to different OpenFlow
controllers, and enables different virtual networks to share the
same physical network resources.
B. Virtualization Models
In the context of OpenFlow there are different virtualiza-
tion models in the view of translation model [87] (Fig. 6).
Translation aims to find 1 : 1 mapping relationship between
the physical SDN facilities and the virtual resources. The
translation unit is located between the application layer and
the physical hardware. According to their placements we could
classify them into five models.
1) FlowVisor: FlowVisor is the translation unit that dele-
gates a protocol and controls various physical switches or
controllers. It has full control of the virtualization tasks.
2) Translation unit: it is in the OpenFlow instance of the
switch, and it performs translation among different con-
trollers at the protocol level.
3) Multiple OpenFlow instances running on one switch are
connected to one controller. Translation is executed be-
tween the data forwarding unit (such as a switch) and an
OpenFlow instance.
4) Multiple OpenFlow instances still running on a single
switch, but the switch’s datapath is partitioned into a few
parallel ones, one per instance. It translates by adjusting
the ports connected to the different parallel data paths.
5) Multiple translation units are used, and at least one is
for virtualization on the switch level, and another one for
interconnecting some virtual switches.
HU et al.: SURVEY ON SDN AND OPENFLOW: FROM CONCEPT TO IMPLEMENTATION
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Fig. 7.
System design of FlowN.
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