Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR)
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79
AJMR
affect and aggregate the interests of the majority and the extent to which their source of revenue
are assured.
The concept of service delivery conceptualized as the correlation between policy makers, service
providers, and poor people could be linked to the degree of effective governance. It includes
services and their supporting systems that are typically considered as a state responsibility. These
include social services- primary education and basic health services; infrastructure- water and
sanitation, roads and bridges; and services that promote personal security- justice and police
(Levin, 2004; Lund, 2004). Carlson et al. (2005) conceptualized service delivery as the
association between policy makers, service providers and the poor. In Nigeria, where poverty is
prevalent and the indices of human well being such as life expectancy, food security, safety and
security, rank poorly, the most critical services required include the provision of physical
infrastructure (roads, potable water), empowerment and social mobility goods (education, credit
or local capital, employment, access to justice), and life-enhancing and welfare goods
(healthcare, social security and safety nets, human rights, policing). These public goods provide
the enabling environment for optimizing human capacity and overall development (HDR, 2013).
Service delivery interventions can present an access route for more far- reaching governance
reforms (Ekott, 2013). Reforms that are necessary to promote longer-term social and political
change have more chance of success if linked to reforms in service delivery, which have tangible
results and accrue benefit to the public. It is the degree to which the political leadership promotes
these ideals and sustains it that the services providd may be considered as effective.
Effective service delivery can be achieved with the participation of the end users in the decision-
making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation processes. Without the active involvement
of the people in these processes, satisfactory and people oriented service delivery is unlikely to
be achieved. If the people are to be actually involved in service delivery, the processes must be
open to scrutiny. Transparency opens the process of rule making and regulations known to
everyone; accountability not only makes it possible for citizens to interrogate the process, it also
assures that those responsible would respond to the contentment of distressed citizens (Cooper,
1990). The extent to which government responds to citizens‘ demands for particular goods and
services depends on the scope of participation and the mechanisms for feedback available to
government, the way they are accessed and the amount of time taken to respond. The lack of
effective feedback mechanisms to monitor the implementation of policies and programs in
Nigeria is a major challenge to public sector management (Hyden (2002; Zhou, 2013).
Transparency and accountability involves the establishment of applicable oversight institutions
and functions, that would ensure that the management of public utilities are scrutinized and that
people have access to justice and can seek redress through legal processes if aggrieved (Olowu
and Sako, 2002; Joseph, 1987).
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