4
Magic in the Thirteenth Century: Albertus Magnus,
Thomas Aquinas and Roger Bacon
1. Nicolas Weill-Parot, ‘Astrology, Astral Influences, and Occult Properties in
the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century’, Traditio, 65 (2010), pp. 201–30
(204).
2. David Pingree, ‘The Diffusion of Arabic Magical Texts in Western Europe’, in
La Diffusione delle scienze islamiche nel medio evo europeo (Rome: Accademia
Nazionale dei Lincei, 1987), pp. 57–102 (63, 68–9).
3. Charles Burnett, Magic and Divination in the Middle Ages: Texts and Techniques
in the Islamic and Christian Worlds (Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 1996),
p. 6.
4. Adelard of Bath, Adelard of Bath Conversations with His Nephew: On the Same
and the Different, Questions on Natural Science and On Birds, trans. Charles
Burnett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 191–3.
5. Adelard of Bath, Conversations, p. 2.
6. Burnett, Magic and Divination, pp. 167–8.
7. Bernard Silvestris, The Cosmographia of Bernardus Silvestris, trans. Winthrop
Wetherbee (New York: Columbia University Press, 1973), p. 112.
8. Burnett, Magic and Divination, p. 117.
9. Burnett, Magic and Divination, p. 1.
10. Dominicus Gundissalinus, De divisione philosophiae, ed. Ludwig Baur
(Münster: Aschendorff, 1903), p. 20.
11. Burnett, Magic and Divination, p. 2.
12. Burnett, Magic and Divination, p. 4.
13. Bernard Silvestris, The Commentary on Martianus Capella’s De nuptiis philolo-
giae et mercurii, ed. Haijo Jan Westra (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of
Medieval Studies, 1986), pp. 135–6. Bernard’s division of the arts of magic
was influenced by the etymologies of Isidore of Seville; see Isidore of
220
Notes
Seville, The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, trans. Stephen A. Barney et al.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 181–2.
14. Lynn Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science: During the
First Thirteenth Centuries of Our Era, 8 vols. (New York: Columbia Univer-
sity Press), II, p. 305; Sophie Page, Magic in the Cloister: Pious Motives, Illicit
Interests, and Occult Approaches to the Medieval Universe (University Park, PA:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013), pp. 1–2, 31–2.
15. Marie-Thérèse D’Alevrny and Françoise Hudry, ‘Al-Kindi: De radiis’, Archives
d’historie doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 41 (1974), pp. 139–260
(174–5); Pingree, ‘The Diffusion’, pp. 73, 89; Benedek Láng, Unlocked Books:
Manuscripts of Learned Magic in the Medieval Libraries of Central Europe
(University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008), p. 23.
16. Page, Magic in the Cloister, pp. 16–17.
17. Láng, Unlocked Books, p. 23; D’Alverny and Hudry, ‘Al-Kindi: De radiis’,
pp. 177, 179.
18. Stephen J. Williams, The Secret of Secrets: The Scholarly Career of a Pseudo-
Aristotelian Text in the Latin Middle Ages (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
Press, 2003), pp. 32–4.
19. Williams, The Secret of Secrets, pp. 60, 185, 195, 197–232.
20. Williams, The Secret of Secrets, pp. 142–6.
21. Williams, The Secret of Secrets, p. 195; Steven J. Williams, ‘Roger Bacon and
The Secret of Secrets’, in Roger Bacon and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays,
ed. Jeremiah Hackett (Leiden: Brill, 1997), pp. 356–93 (365, 370–2, 381).
22. David Pingree, ‘Between the Ghaya and Picatrix, I: The Spanish Version’,
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 44 (1981), pp. 27–56 (27).
23. Láng, Unlocked Books, p. 96.
24. Frank Klaassen, The Transformations of Magic: Illicit Learned Magic in the Later
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