Figure 5.11
Protected Level Crossings in 2009
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
M
ol
do
va
Sp
ain
Bo
sni
a an
d
He
rz
ego
vin
a
Se
rb
ia
Tu
rk
ey
Hu
nga
ry
Cr
oa
tia
Slo
ve
ni
a
Po
rtu
ga
l
Cz
ec
h
Re
pu
bl
ic
Swi
tz
erl
an
d
Au
stri
a
De
nm
ar
k
Ger
ma
ny
Gre
ec
e
Pol
an
d
M
ac
edo
ni
a
Lu
xe
m
bo
ur
g
Bu
lga
ria
Bel
gium
Lit
hu
an
ia
Un
ited
K
ingdo
m
La
tvi
a
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vak
ia
No
rw
ay
Ka
za
kh
st
an
Ita
ly
Ac
ti
ve
LC
(%
of
tota
l LC
)
Unprotected
Protected
Source: IUC, Int. Railway Statistics 2009. Note: An active level crossing means that users are either warned (unprotected) or protected
(by a barrier/gates). Data for Norway is from 2008.
Page 72 of 122
Special attention: Tunnel safety
The UNECE was concerned about tunnel safety a long time before the three major accidents occurred in the
Alpine tunnels in 1999 and 2001 killing in total 62. These accidents did however emphasize the risk in tunnels
and lead to considerable work and improvement of tunnel safety by the UNECE and other organizations
.
Figure 5.12
Rail and road tunnels in the ECE region
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 9 9 10 11 11 12
22
68 80
121
148
169
225
357
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Cz
ech
R.
Fin
la
nd
Geo
rg
ia
Ma
ce
do
nia
Po
lan
d
Slo
ve
ni
a
Rom
an
ia
Ar
m
en
ia
Bu
lga
ria
Gr
ee
ce
De
nm
ar
k
Bo
s.
&
H.
US
A
Ca
na
da
Po
rtug
al
Sw
ed
en
Rus
sian
Fed
.
Tu
rk
ey
Ned
er
la
nd
Be
lgi
um
Cr
oa
tia
Slo
va
kia
Un
ite
d
Ki
ngd
om
Sp
ai
n
Au
st
ria
Fr
an
ce
Sw
itz
er
lan
d
Ge
rm
any
No
rwa
y
Ital
y
Num
b
er
of
T
unnels
Rail Tunnels
Road Tunnels
Sources: Data on road tunnels is taken from a UNECE questionnaire in 2001; data on rail tunnels is from a UNECE
questionnaire from 2002. Note that some tunnels may have been in the planning phase at that time. Only tunnels longer than
1,000 m are included.
For road tunnels there is evidence that show that accidents rate are higher in bi‐
directional tunnels (up to 40% higher) than in unidirectional tunnels. According to the
World Road Association the frequency of breakdowns is around 1,300 per 100 million
vehicle kilometres in tunnels under rivers and urban areas, between 300‐600 in tunnels in
open countryside, and 900 and 1,900 in tunnels through mountains. The World Road
Association has further found (for 1999) that the frequency of fires in road tunnels is
about 25 per one million vehicle‐kilometres
54
.
The Role of UNECE in promoting safety
Recommendations of the multidisciplinary group of experts on safety in rail tunnels
The accidents and fires in the road tunnels of Mont Blanc and Tauern in 1999 and St.
Gotthard in 2001 raised the awareness about the tunnel safety issue. Following these
incidences UNECE created a Multidisciplinary Group of Experts on Safety which dealt with
safety in road tunnels. The Inland Transport Committee subsequently set up a group of
experts to consider the issue of safety in rail tunnels. These experts from member states
of the UNECE, the International Union of Railways and other experts presented their work
and recommendation in December 2003 (Recommendations of the Group of Experts on
Safety in Rail Tunnels).
54
See: “Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels”, PIARC Committee on Road Tunnels (C5), 1999.”
Page 73 of 122
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