The Role of UNECE in improving international accessibility
Infrastructure agreements
UNECE Infrastructure agreements cover road, rail, inland waterways, and combined
transport. These agreements strengthen relations between ECE countries through
coordinated plans for the construction and development of their transport infrastructures of
international importance. They provide the technical conditions the transport infrastructure
should confirm to be part of the international network and to get a number, an “ID” in the
network. Thus these agreements ensure that the international transport infrastructure in
these networks look and is more or less the same from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They are
legally binding for the States who become Contracting Parties.
There are six major international infrastructure agreements:
1.
Declaration on the Construction of Main International Traffic Arteries, of 16
September 1950
2.
European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR), of 15 November
1975, basis of the in E roads network
3.
European Agreement on Main International Railway Lines (AGC) , of 31 May 1985
and its Annex 1
4.
European Agreement on Important International Combined Transport Lines and
Related Installations (AGTC), of 1 February 1991
5.
Protocol on Combined Transport on Inland Waterways to the European Agreement
on Important International Combined Transport Lines and Related Installations
(AGTC) of 1991
6.
European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN),
of 19 January 1996
Sub‐regional infrastructure projects
Complementing
the
international
agreements, the UNECE carried out
three
sub‐regional
infrastructure
projects, together with participating
countries:
1. Trans European Motorways (TEM)
2. Trans European Railways (TER)
3. Euro‐Asian Transport Links (EATL)
The main objectives of the projects are the facilitation of road traffic in Europe among and
through participating countries as well as development of a coherent and efficient
international road, railway and combined transport system in the region. Projects are
developed in accordance with the UNECE Pan European infrastructure agreements. TEM and
TER Projects are the backbone of Pan‐European Road Corridors in Central and Eastern
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Europe and represent an important instrument of institutional inter‐country cooperation
and coordinated actions of the countries in Central, East and South‐East Europe.
The TEM and TER Master Plan reflecting the priority transport infrastructure needs of 21
Central, Eastern, and South‐Eastern European countries, was published in 2006. It identifies
the backbone road and rail networks in those countries and presented a realistic investment
strategy to gradually develop these networks. As many as 491 projects with an aggregate
estimated cost of 102 billion Euros have been evaluated and prioritized. The implementation
of such an investment plan would contribute to the economic growth of the countries
concerned and to the well being of their populations, as well as assisting the integration and
harmonization of transport within Europe and beyond.
18
The Master Plan provides a useful tool and framework for intergovernmental cooperation
towards coordinated development of a coherent international transport infrastructure
networks in Central, Eastern and South Eastern European countries and their integration
into the pan‐European networks. With this Plan, TEM and TER Projects contributed to the
extension of the European Union’s TEN‐T (Trans‐European Transport Network); the practical
implementation of Pan‐European Transport Corridors; the promotion of intermodal
operations and complementarities of transport modes.
The Euro‐Asian Transport Links (EATL) project was implemented in the course of 2003 to
2007 as a joint undertaking of UNECE and the United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) with designated national focal points from
18 participating countries
19
, whose objective was to identify main Euro‐Asian road and rail
routes for priority development and cooperation in the Euro‐Asian region. Countries have
also evaluated and prioritized a large number of projects along these routes. Among them
projects in the value of 43.4 billion United States dollars were identified for implementation
in 15 countries involved. A geographical Information System (GIS) database was also
developed, and a preliminary analysis of border crossing obstacles and recommendations for
reducing them was made. Recognizing the importance of further development of Euro‐Asian
transport links, participating countries stressed the need to continue with the project and to
set up a permanent monitoring mechanism.
In 2008, the EATL Expert Group was created for the implementing the commitments
originating from the “Joint Statement on Future Development of Euro‐Asian Transport Links”
signed by Ministers of Transport on 19 February 2008 in Geneva, under a new Phase II of the
EATL project. The Expert Group, consisting of Government experts from 27
20
countries as
well as experts from international organizations, has elaborate studies and research work
concerning key Euro‐Asian transport issues, including an EATL Strengths ‐ Weaknesses ‐
18
According to: www.unece.org/trans/main/tem_ter.html?expandable=99
19
The eighteen countries from the Euro‐Asian region were: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Georgia, Iran,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. At a later
stage, Greece also joined the work.
20
The nine countries involved in EATL Phase II, in addition to the eighteen originally involved, are: Finland, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Germany, Mongolia, Pakistan and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
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Opportunities ‐ Threats (SWOT) analysis; assessment of transport volumes and trends along
the EATL routes; study on economic viability of inland transport options between Asia and
Europe; and analysis of non‐physical obstacles to international transport. Experts and
consultants were also engaged in extending, updating and identifying infrastructure ‐ road,
rail and inland waterway ‐ routes and priority infrastructure investments, in developing a GIS
internet application to present the collected transport data and project results, as well as
strengthening national capacities and sharing experiences and best practices. The
preliminary results of the EATL Phase II include the identification of 378 priority
infrastructure projects of a total cost for 169 billion United States dollars from data available
for 20 of the 27 participating countries, of which over 190 road projects of a total cost of 112
billion United States dollars.
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