Theme 9: English Literature of the 20th Century (1st half).
Plan:
1. George Bernard Shaw – his life and work.
2. Three groups of Shaw’s plays.
3. Plays, reflecting historical events.
4. The most popular play “Pygmalion”.
5. Literature of the “Lost Generation”. Richard Aldington – his life and work.
“Death of a Hero”.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW
(1856-1950)
George Bernard Show is an outstanding English playwright, one of the greatest
satirists of the twentieth century. He was born in Dublin in an impoverished
middle-class family. Until fourteen he attended a college, and from 1871 was
employed in a land agent’s office. In 1876 he went to London, where he became a
journalist and wrote music and dramatic critics for various periodicals. He was
always in the midst of political life in Britain and took an active part in solving
human problems. As literary critics state, Shaw’s manner of expression is based on
real facts and ridicule. He exposes truth through satire and sarcasm.
The creative work of Bernard Shaw began with novels: “Immaturity” (1879), “The
Irrational Knot” (1880), “An Unsocial Socialist”(1883), “Love Among the Artists”
( 1888), but they had little success, and in 1892 the author turned to dramatic
writing. His intellectual equipment was far greater than that of any of his
contemporaries. He alone had understood the greatness of Norwegian dramatist
Ibsen, and he was determined that his own plays should also be a vehicle for ideas.
He had, from the first, accepted a burden in his dramas, beyond the presentation of
plot and character. He had signed a contract with himself, and with the spirit of
Ibsen, that each play should present a problem and discuss it thoroughly. His first
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plays he divided into three groups: (1) Plays Unpleasant – “Philanderer”,
“Widowers’ Houses” (1893), “Mrs. Warren’s Profession” (1898); (2) Plays
Pleasant – “Arms and the Man”, “Candida” (1898), “The Man of Destiny”, “You
Can Never Tell”; (3) Three Plays for Puritans - “The Devil’s Disciple” (1901),
“Caesar and Cleopatra” (1901), “Captain Brassbound’s Conversion”. Among other
plays there are: “Man and Superman” (1903), “John Bull’s Other Island” 1906),
“Major Barbara”(1907), “Heartbreak House” (1917), “Pygmalion” (1919), “Saint
Joan”(1923), “Back to Methuselah” (1921), “The Apple Cart” (1930), “Too Good
to Be True” (1932), “On the Rocks” (1933). In these and other plays Shaw
criticized the vices of the existing society. They also reveal human psychology as a
product of this society.
Shaw was convinced that modern plays should contain, along with the traditional
plot conflict and its resolution, what he called “the discussion”, a consideration of
important problems and suggestions for their resolution.
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