Handbook on Restorative justice programmes

HANDBOOK ON RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROGRAMMES
62 
Hayes, 2005.

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A recent analysis of restorative justice programme evaluations indicated
that restorative justice interventions, on average, are associated with rela-
tively small but significant reductions in recidivism. Interventions seemed
to be more effective with low-risk offenders; the analysis indicated that
restorative justice interventions were not showing reduction in recidi-
visms for higher risk offenders.
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Research on recidivism after a restorative conferencing intervention
shows that the best predictors of re-offending are things associated with
offenders, for example, age, age at first offence, gender and prior offend-
ing. Males are more likely to re-offend than females and, when young peo-
ple begin offending at an early age, recidivism is more likely.
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It is much
more difficult to assess the impact of restorative justice processes on non-
offender dimensions, such as the extent to which the existence and opera-
tion of such programmes serves to empower communities and their
residents. These are qualitative types of indices that require in-depth study.
Some recent evaluations of restorative conferencing in Australia and New
Zealand are looking at the behavioural outcomes of conferencing for
young offenders. In addition to looking at the impact of conferencing as
compared to court or other court-based diversion programmes, some of
these studies are focusing on the variable effects of offender and confer-
ence characteristics in predicting re-offending and how variation within
an intervention is related to re-offending, rather than comparing the
effects of two or more interventions on future offending behaviour
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.
These studies show that beyond those things known to be associated with
recidivism (e.g., age, gender and prior offending), there are things that
occur in conferences that are associated with reduced re-offending: when
young offenders are remorseful and when conference agreements (or out-
comes) are decided by genuine consensus, re-offending is less likely.
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Lower recidivism is also observed when young offenders have memorable
conferences, are not stigmatically shamed, are involved in conference
decision-making and comply with conference agreements, or feel sorry for
their offending behaviour, and when they meet and apologise to victims
and feel that they have righted wrongs.
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