Introducing English Linguistics

Yesterday I was ill S I was ill yesterday.
affixation:
The process of adding derivational suffixes and prefixes to a word (e.g.
adding un- and -ness to happy to create unhappiness)
affixes:
Prefixes and suffixes added to words. An affix can be a derivational mor-
pheme or an inflectional morpheme.
affricate:
A manner of articulation associated with sounds, such as /tʃ/ beginning
church, whose articulation is the combination of a plosive and a fricative.
agglutinative:
Languages such as Turkish that have a very complex internal structure.
Words contain many affixes.
allomorphs:
Predictable variations in the pronunciation of morphemes. For instance,
the plural morpheme in English is /s/ following nouns ending in an
unvoiced
sound (e.g. cats) and /z/ following a voiced sound (e.g. dogs).
allophones:
Predictable variations in the pronunciation of phonemes. For instance,
/p/ is aspirated at the beginning of a syllable, as in pot, but unaspirated
elsewhere in a syllable, as in spot and top.
anaphoric reference:
Reference
back in a text. In the sentences 
The toy was broken by the child.
He dropped it accidentally, both He and it refer back to the child and the toy,
respectively.
antonymy:
A relation between words such as happy and unhappy that have opposite
meanings.
apparent time:
The idea that language variation is stratified by age: younger speakers
will use newer forms more recently introduced into a language, while
older speakers will use older, more established forms that they began
using when they were younger.
Glossary

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appropriateness
Conditions on speech acts that must be adhered to in order for the 
conditions:
speech act to be successful. For instance, for an apology (a type of expres-