Features of free atoms.Ionization potential. Electron affinity.
Electronegativity.Atomic and ionic radiuses.
In periodic table the properties of the elements mainly changes in such an
order:
Properties
According to groups
from top towards
bottom
According to
periods from left to
right
Metallic
Strengthens
Weakens
Nonmetallic
Weakens
Strengthens
Reduction
Strengthens
Weakens
Oxidizability
Weakens
Strengthens
Electron affinity
Weakens
Strengthens
Ionization energy
Decreases
Increases
Relative
electronegativity
Decreases
Increases
Atomic radius
Increases
Decreases
Acidic property of oxide
Increases
Decreases
Basic property of Oxide
Decreases
Increases
Ionic radius (
x
)
individuallyDecreases,
generallyIncreases
Decreases
Ionic radius (
x
)
Increases
individuallyIncreases,
generallyDecreases
Ionic bond strength
Decreases
Increases
255
TESTS ON PERIODICAL PROPERTIES OF ATOMS
1. How do the atom's radius and metal`s melting point change In the order of
transition from lithium to cesium?
A) increases, increases
B) increases, stays the same
C) increases, declines
D) declines, increases
2. How does the atom's radius change as its number in periods and groups
increases?
A) expands, expands
B) expands, contracts
C) contracts, expands
D) contracts, contracts
3. What changes can be seen in the following row?
P
-3
, S
-2
, Cl
-
, Na
+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, S
4+
A) Increases
B) decreases down to Cl
-
, then increases
C) decreases
D) increases up to Cl, then decreases
4. How ionization energy changes in Xe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe atoms?
A. stays the same
B. decreases
C. increases
D. decreases till Ar, then remains unchanged
5. Place the elements in order of growth of electronegativity, in accordance with
the following electronic formulae.
1. 1s
2
2s
1
; 2. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
; 3. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
; 4. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
;
A. 2,4,3,1
B. 1,3,2,4
C. 1,2,4,3
D. 4,3,2,1
6. With the increase of element‘s atomic number in the periodic table...
A. atomic mass and overall number of electrons increase
B. atomic mass increases, overall number of electrons decreases
C. atomic mass and overall number of electrons remain unchanged
D. atomic mass decreases, overall number of electrons increases
7. Place following elements in the order of increasing non-metallic properties.
1) phosphor; 2) boron; 3) chlorine; 4) carbon; 5) sulphur;
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 3,2,1,4,5
C. 2,4,1,5,3
D. 4,2,5,1,3
8. Find the order of increasing ionization potential of atoms.
256
1) P; 2) N; 3)As; 4) Sb;
A. 2,1,3,4
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 3,2,1,4
D. 2,3,4,1
9. Find the electronic configuration of an element which has greater ionization
potential ?
A. …3s
2
3p
5
B. …3s
2
3p
6
C. …4s
1
D. …4s
2
10. Which of the atoms with following electronic formula clearly expresses non-
metallic properties?
A. …3s
2
B. …3s
2
3p
2
C. …3s
2
3p
5
D. …3s
2
3p
4
E. …3s
2
3p
1
11. Which of the atoms with following electronic formula clearly expresses
metallic properties?
A. …4p
2
B. …3s
2
3p
2
C. …3s
2
3p
6
D. …3s
2
3p
5
E. …3d
10
4s
1
12. Place following elements in the order of increasing metallic properties:
1) cesium; 2) barium; 3) germanium; 4) strontium ; 5) potassium;
A) 3,5,4,2,1 B) 5,3,4,1,2 C) 4,3,5,2,1 D) 2,1,3,5,4 E) 4,2,1,3,5
13. How do the atom's radius, ionization potential and metal`s melting point
change In the following inert gases row : Xe - Ne - Ar - Kr - Xe - Rn
A) increases, increases, increases B) decreases, decreases, increases
C) increases, decreases, increases D) decreases, increases, decreases
E) increases, increases, decreases
14. How do the atom's radius, ionization potential and electronegativity change
In the following alkali metals row: Li - Na - K - Rb - Cs
A) increases, decreases, decreases B) increases, decreases, increases
C) decreases, increases, increases D) decreases, decreases, increases
E) increases, increases, decreases
15. Show the element with the greatest ionisation energy.
A) lithium B) sodium C) hydrogen D) calcium E) potassium
16. Find the elements in the order of decreasing electronegativity.
A) Al, I, Br, Cl, F B) Br, Se, As, Ge, Ga C) B,C,N,O, F D) Po,Te,Se,S,O
257
17. There is given the energy required (KJ/mol) to absorb the first electron
(1,2,3) and ionic radius (4,5,6) of Sodium, magnesium and aluminium. Which
of them is connected with magnesium?
1) 577; 2) 494; 3) 736; 4) 0,050; 5) 0,068; 6) 0,098
A) 1,4 B) 2.6 C) 1, 5 D) 3, 4 E) 3.6
18. Relative electronegativity of an element in the table suggested by Poling is
relied on …accordingly?
A) Xe B) O C) C D) Li E) Au
19. Find the atom with the greatest ionisation energy.
A) Cs B) P C) I D) Br E) F
20. How do ionic radius and high oxidation degree of hydroxide elementsin III
period change when it moves from left to right?
A) decreases, increases B) increases, increases
C) decreases, decreases D) increases, decreases
21. Find the row which illustrates the growth in ions‘ reduction properties.
A)
F
Cl
Br
I
,
,
,
B)
I
Br
Cl
F
,
,
,
C)
F
Br
Cl
I
,
,
,
D)
F
I
Cl
Br
,
,
,
22. How radius of ions will change from right to left in the following row?
P
-3
; S
-2
; Cl
-
; Na
+
; Mg
2+
; Al
3+
; Si
+4
A) increases till Cl
-
, then decreases
B) decreases
C) decreases till Cl
-
, then increases
D) increases
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