Adopting the Positive Psychology perspective
As I will go on to discuss, the main implication of the Positive Psychology movement for EPs is
that it provokes us to re-examine the ideas behind practice. However, before I move on to consider
that, I will first give some concrete examples to show how practice begins to change when we adopt
the Positive Psychological framework.
The work of an EP can either be directly with a child (for example, through assessment and
counselling and other interventions) or indirectly through working with parents, teachers and other
professionals. So, how can we begin to bring the Positive Psychological framework to these tasks?
Assessment and intervention
Direct work involves some form of assessment to explore the presenting problem through
consultation with professional colleagues, observation, interview, or use of test materials. The Positive
Psychology perspective offers new ways of thinking about such assessment. For example, as I’ve
already discussed, the term ‘well-being’ has been traditionally used in educational psychology to refer
to the absence of psychopathology, but from the Positive Psychology perspective it refers to the
presence of positive subjective and psychological states. At the most basic level we therefore begin to
reconfigure the goals of our practice differently, and thus need new assessment instruments alongside
the traditional ones in the armory of educational psychology.
A variety of measures now exist within the Positive Psychology tradition that educational
psychologists will find useful here (see Lopez and Snyder 2003). It is beyond the scope of this chapter
to go into detail on a range of specific measures, but we can provide here a brief example of one such
measure in order to illustrate what can be done. The Children’s Hope Scale (CHS) (Snyder et al. 1997)
is a six-item (e.g. ‘when I have a problem, I can come up with lots of ways to solve it’) self-report
measure for young people aged 7 through to 14 years. The task is to build such measures into
intervention plans and to therefore be able to evaluate their success in relation to Positive Psychology
goals.We no longer think simply about the alleviation of the problem as the goal, but also about
moving beyond this to achieving optimal functioning. For example, strategies for accentuating hope
can be of much practical utility and interest to educational psychologists (see Lopez et al. 2004).
There is now a need for further research and measurement development related to the practice of
a ‘Positive Educational Psychology’. As our thinking shifts towards this perspective, our goals for
intervention change. Other areas of research activity of particular interest to educational psychologists
now include: _ the facilitation of curiousity (Kashdan and Fincham 2004) _ developing wisdom
(Baltes, Gluck and Kunzmann 2002; Kunzmann 2004; Sternberg 1998) _ flow (Csikszentmihalyi
1990), and how to facilitate emotional intelligence (Salovey, Caruso and Mayer 2004). Emotional
intelligence has received considerable attention already through school-based programmes (see, e.g.
Graczyk et al. 2000; Topping, Holmes and Bremner 2000). Given the importance of emotional literacy
for society in general (not only as a means to increase academic performance, but also to increase
positive citizenship), it is surprising that this is not taken more seriously at the level of policy.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |