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be a safe and comfortable place. – Home (in the abstract, in
general) should be a safe and comfortable place.
Paradigmatically, the category of article determination is
formed by two oppositions organized hierarchically: on the upper
level, the definite article, the strong member of the opposition, is
opposed to the indefinite article and the meaningful absence of it,
both of which express generalization and make the weak member
of the opposition; on the lower level, the indefinite article and the
meaningful absence of the article with uncountable nouns and
nouns in the plural (ø1) expressing relative generalization
(classification), which make the strong member of the opposition,
are opposed to the zero article denoting absolute generalization
(abstraction) (ø2) – the weak member of the opposition.
ARTICLE DETERMINATION
+ –
Identification
Non- identification
the (Generalization)
+ –
Relative Generalization
Absolute Generalization
(Classification) (Abstraction)
a(n)ø1 ø2
There are also certain fixed contexts in which the use of
articles has no semantic ground; for example, with the names of
newspapers the definite article is used,
e.g.: the Washington Post,
the Sun, while with the names of magazines no article is used,
e.g.: Cosmopolitan. Most geographic names are used without
articles,
e.g.: Moscow, Russia, but
the Hague; the names of
mountains are used without articles,
e.g.: Mount Everest, while
mountain chains are given with the definite articles,
e.g.: the
Andes. Some of these cases are treated as lexicalized nominations
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(the Hague), or traditional usage (the Washington Post, but
Cosmopolitan), others are described as specific rules, codifying
the use of articles in concrete conditions, mainly in the course of
practical grammar with no attempts at semantic explanation.
The problem of article determination has given rise to
much controversy; there is much dispute about the status of the
article itself and its combination with the noun. It seems more
plausible to interpret the article in terms of the general linguistic
field approach as a lingual unit of intermediary status between the
word and the morpheme, as a special type of grammatical
auxiliary, and its combination with the noun as an intermediary
phenomenon between the word and the word-combination.
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