O’zbyekiston ryespublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta‘lim vazirligi qarshi muhandislik iqtisodiyot instituti

Контрольные вопросы………………………………………………….
91
	Заключение………………………………………………………………	92
	Приложения………………………………………………………………	95
	Приложение 1. Некторые физические величины………………………	95
	Приложение 2. Эколого – просветительская деятельность некоторых международных организаций …………………………………………...	96
	Приложение 3. Основные термины и понятия………………………….	99
	Приложение 4. Персоналии……………………………………………...	115
	Литература……………………………………………………………….	117

	CONTENTS	3
	Preface..........................................................................................................	4
	Planning of time (hours) of those themes by ecology...............................	6
	Introduction.................................................................................................	6
0.1.	Ecology as science........................................................................................	7
0.2.	Correlation of ecology with other branches of science................................	9
0.3.	The main subdivision of ecology..................................................................	9
0.4.	Task of ecology.............................................................................................	11
0.5.	The history of ecology..................................................................................	12
	Control task.................................................................................................	12
I.	Lecture 1.Theme: Ecological system (ecosystem)....................................	13
1.1.	Conseption of system………………………………………………………	14
1.2.	Biological system…………………………………………………………..	17
1.3.	Biosystem…………………………………………………………………..	17
1.4.	Biocenoz……………………………………………………………………	18
1.5.	Ecological system (ecosystem)…………………………………………….	20
1.6.	Biogecenoz…………………………………………………………………	20
1.7.	Peculiarty of correlation in biogeosenoz…………………………………..	20
1.8.	Can ecosystem be?........................................................................................	21
1.9.	Bioms………………………………………………………………………	21
1.10.	Ecological niche……………………………………………………………	22
1.11.	Life form……………………………………………………………………	22
1.12.	Areal………………………………………………………………………..	23
	Control task……………………………………………………………….	24
II.	Lecture 2.Theme:Laws bioeos...................................................................	24
2.1.	Conseption conformity to natural Laws........................................................	24
2.2.	The main Laws of bioeos.............................................................................	25
2.3.	Laws of Сommoners.....................................................................................	27
2.4.	Laws of system and evolution.......................................................................	27
2.5.	Laws of variety............................................................................................	27
2.6.	Law of physico – chemical unity of alive organizm....................................	27
2.7.	Ecological priniciples and rules....................................................................	28
	Control task.................................................................................................	29
III.	Lecture 1.Theme: Ecological factors.........................................................	29
3.1.	Definition of ecological factors....................................................................	29
3.2.	Classification of ecological factors...............................................................	30
3.3.	Abiotical factors............................................................................................	31
3.4.	Biotical factors..............................................................................................	33
3.5.	Ecological plastics and valents.....................................................................	33
3.6.	Zona of ecological factors.............................................................................	34
3.7.	Stenobiontniye and evribiontniye organizms................................................	34
3.8.	Limit factors..................................................................................................	34
3.9.	Laws of minimum.........................................................................................	36

3.10.	Laws of tolerance.........................................................................................	36
3.11.	Interaction of ecological factors....................................................................	37
3.12.	Ecological factors and ecological process....................................................	38
	Control task.................................................................................................	38