Ch. 4
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ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN INDUSTRIAL OBJECTS
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231
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4.1.
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Features of action of an electric current human body and the factors
determining volue of an outcome actions of a current………………
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231
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4.1.1.
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Significance of maintenance of an electrical safety on industry.........
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231
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4.1.2.
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Features of action of an electric current on human body....................
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233
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4.1.3.
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Types of defeat from an electric current..............................................
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235
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4.1.4.
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The factors determining the value of an outcome of action of an
electric current on human body............................................................
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238
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4.2.
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Principal causes and schemas of being of workers under actions of
an electric current…………………………………………………....
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255
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4.2.1.
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Principal causes of being of workers under actions of an electric
current...................................................................................................
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255
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4.2.2.
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Classification of electric networks and installations
on an electrical safety..........................................................................
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256
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4.2.3.
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The analysis of the circuit of being of people under actions of
electric current......................................................................................
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257
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4.2.4.
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Being under voltage of touching.........................................................
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264
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4.2.5.
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Being under voltage of stepping.........................................................
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266
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4.2.6.
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The basic ways and means of protection against defeat of
electric current.............................................................................
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269
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4.3.
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Ways and means of protection against touching to the current-
carrying parts of electroinstallations which are under voltage………
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270
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4.3.1.
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Isolation of conductors and values of an operating mode of a neutral
point of current source of at maintenance of an electrical safety……
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270
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4.3.2.
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Applying of principle of inaccessibility at protection from voltage....
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276
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4.3.3.
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Applying of blocking of safety............................................................
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278
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4.3.4.
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Means and signs on safety...................................................................
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283
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4.4.
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Ways and means of protection against action of a current at
damages of electroinstallations……………………………………...
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286
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4.4.1.
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Protective grounding...........................................................................
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286
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4.4.2.
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Principle of action of protective grounding........................................
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289
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4.4.3.
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The requirements to parameters and design of grounding devices.....
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292
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4.4.4.
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Specific resistance of a ground and methods of measurement...........
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293
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4.4.5.
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Calculating of grounding devices........................................................
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298
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4.4.6.
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Checking of grounding devices..........................................................
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300
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4.4.7.
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Bringing to zero of electroinstallations...............................................
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302
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4.4.8.
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Conditions of effective work of bringing to zero of
electroinstallations and theoretical calculation...................................
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304
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4.4.9.
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Experimental check of an overall performance of bringing to zero…
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307
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4.4.10.
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The analysis of a degree of danger in an electric line with fully
grounded neutral when a part of an electric equipment is under
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zero, and the part is of grounded......................................................
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308
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4.4.11.
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Protective switching-off......................................................................
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310
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4.4.12.
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Isolating platforms and alignments of potentials................................
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313
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4.4.13.
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Applying on of double isolation, dividing transformers and small
voltage.................................................................................................
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315
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4.5.
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Questions of maintenance of an electrical safety in portable
installations……………………………………………………….....
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321
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4.5.1.
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Maintenance of an electrical safety in mobile machines
and mechanisms..................................................................................
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321
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4.5.2.
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Means of protection against an electric current..................................
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328
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4.5.3.
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Rules of first aid injured of an electric current...................................
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339
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4.6.
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Classification of fire-dangerous and explosive zones
at operation of electroinstallations......................................................
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341
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4.6.1.
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Fire danger of building materials and substances...............................
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341
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4.6.2.
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Classification of manufactures on a category on fire, fire danger
and explosive dangers.........................................................................
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342
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4.6.3.
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Fire and explosive danger of external electroinstallations and
buildings..............................................................................................
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345
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4.7.
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Ways, means and actions on protection against a static and
atmospheric electricity………………………………………………
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347
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4.7.1.
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Static electricity, the reasons of occurrence, ways and means
of protection………………………………………………..………..
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347
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4.7.2.
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Conditions of occurrence, kinds and the characteristic of an
atmospheric electricity (lightning)......................................................
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351
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4.7.3.
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Ways, means and actions on protection against a lightning................
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352
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4.7.4.
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Conditions of necessity of buildings protection from a lightning
and categories.............................................................................
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355
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Ch. 5
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THE GENERAL QUESTIONS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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362
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5.1.
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Value, the purpose and tasks of the safety precautions on industry…
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362
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5.1.1.
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The basic requirements on safety precautions and standards,
technical requirements and other regulating documents….................
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363
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5.1.2.
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Safety requirements to means of safety having a separate design
and included in design of machines and mechanisms.........................
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369
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5.2.
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Normative-legal bases of a safety of the industrial enterprises……...
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372
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5.2.1.
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The basic requirements to construction and operation of the
industrial enterprises...........................................................................
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372
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5.2.2.
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Rules to choose the place for construction of the industrial
enterprises...........................................................................................
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374
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5.2.3.
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Territory of the industrial enterprise...................................................
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375
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5.2.4.
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Requirements to premises of the industrial enterprises.......................
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377
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5.2.5.
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Water deliveries of the industrial enterprises and system of the
water drain...........................................................................................
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383
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5.3.
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Means and installations, providing safety at the industrial
enterprises…………………………………………………………...
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385
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