mirshab
– tungi shahar soqchilari boshlig’i vazifasini bajargan.
mirob
– Buxoro amirligi va Qo’qon xonligida suv taqsimoti va sug’orish tizimi
ustidan nazorat qiluvchi shaxs.
miroxo’r
– amir otxonasining boshlig’i bo’lgan.
muftiy
– qazikalon murakkab deb hisoblagan turli diniy-huquqiy masalalar
bo’yicha shariatga asoslanib fatvo chiqargan. Bu fatvo uning yoki bir necha
muftiyning muhri bilan tasdiqlangach, qoziga berilar edi. Qozi bu fatvoga
asoslangan holda hukm chiqargan.
mushrif
– lavozimida ishlagan amaldorlar xonga inom etgan buyumlarni hamda
harbiy anjomlarni ro’yxatga olgan. Soliq tushumlarini yozib borgan.
muhtasib
(rais ham deyilgan) – musulmonlar tarafidan shariat qonunlarining
bajarilishini kuzatgan, masjidlarga borib nomoz o’qishga keluvchilar ro’yxatini,
bozorlardagi tosh-tarozining to’g’riligini tekshirgan. Ayni paytda u ichkilikbozlik,
sudxo’rlikka ham qarshi kurashgan.
suyurg’ol
– biror hukmdor tomonidan alohida xizmat ko’rsatgan shaxslarga
berilgan in’om. Suyurg’olga berilgan er nasldan-naslga meros bo’lib o’tgan.
soliq
– ma’lum tartibda aholidan davlat foydasiga to’planadigan pul, mablag’.
tanho
– O’rta Osiyoda mavjud bo’lgan suyurg’olning bir ko’rinishi bo’lib, u faqat
harbiylarga berilgan. Tanho ham suyurg’olga o’xshab pul, mol-mulk, er-suv
tariqasida berilgan.
tarxon
– O’rta Osiyo xonliklarida feodallarning davlat soliqlaridan ozod qilingan
er-suv, mol-mulklari.
ellikboshi
– harbiy-ma’muriy unvon. O’rta Osiyo xonliklarida yuzboshidan
keyingi mansab. 50 nafar askardan iborat harbiy qism qo’mondoni yoki 50 nafar
askar ajrata oluvchi mahalla, qishloq yoki ovul rahbari. Ellikboshi mingboshi
tomonidan tayinlangan.
GLOSSARIY
Ark - the fortress, stronghold, castle, main entrance to the palace.
Amir - commander.
Aylbashi - Commander-foreman.
Bakavul - the person in charge of the palace kitchen in the Bukhara Emirate.
Barzikory - tenants.
Barot - early collection.
Begar - mobilization of public works.
Bek - governor of the Wilaya.
Bekasab - kind of fabric for gowns.
Waqf - the property bequeathed or transferred by any person to the spiritual
Muslim institution.
Divanbegi - Managing the Khan's office.
Jagir - land ownership, granted in perpetuity.
Esaul - escort; Government courier who receive visitors and distribution of gifts on
behalf of the governor, the court guards.
Zargar - jeweler.
Izafa - reserve troops.
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Imam - clergyman, the head of the Muslim community, the teacher of madrassa.
Iqta - kind of tenure, temporary fief award.
Kanbul - flanking outposts.
Kurultai - sezd.
Keshin - the personal guard of Genghis Khan.
Kalon - charged mainly in the form of share of the harvest from one tenth to one
third part.
Kitobdor - head of the Khan's library where he kept, copied and decorated books
commissioned by Khan.
Kosh (pair) - the area of land that can be processed during the season one pair of
oxen - about 6.5 hectares.
Korikor - servants.
Kukeldash - an official whose duties included security in the state (a kind of
minister of State Security).
Kurchibashi - head of the personal protection of the khan.
Kutval - the commandant of the fortress; Afghanistan - Police Chief; in the
Bukhara Khanate - the head of the Khan (the emir) buildings.
Kushchi - falconer, hunting organizer ruler.
Cenotaph - literally "empty tomb", grave without burial.
Kugirchokboz - master puppeteer.
Kurbashi - the leader of the war party.
Kurgan - burial - the grave, over which was erected on a mound of soil and stones.
Mirahur - Managing the Khan's stables.
Mirzabashi - Chief of Staff of Bukhara kushbegi.
Mirshab - Head of the city the night watch.
Mudarris - madrasa teacher.
Mulk-hur - bleached estate whose owner had the right not to pay the tax.
Mulki sofa - public land.
Mulki inju - lands belonging directly to the head of seizing, his family members
and their vassals.
Mulki muzari -krestyanskie lands that were subject to land tax.
Muzari - workers, processing acreage.
Like daraht special tax levied on orchards.
Mulk Sultani - public land.
Mulk - private land lords.
Mingbashi - thousanders.
Muezzin (muazzin) - face, to speak with the minaret of the morning prayer time
(Azan) and urging Muslims to prayer five times daily.
Muslim - orthodox.
Mushni - Secretary responsible for the receipt and distribution of cash and their
inclusion in the state.
Madrasah - secondary or higher Muslim religious educational institution.
Mirabboshi - head of water in the Emirate of Bukhara.
Mirshab - Police in the Bukhara Emirate.
Mirshabboshi - the main chief of police in the emirate of Bukhara.
183
Mirshabhona - police station building to serve short sentences.
Mirihazara - the thousand.
Medes - an ancient people who lived in northwestern Iran.
Mitre - in the Austrian mythology the sun god, daylight truth.
Microlite - small stone tool triangular or diamond-shaped,
Mudarris - madrasa teacher.
Mushoira - creative competition of poets or on any particular topic; Evening of
poetry.
Murid - follower, disciple ishan.
It is used as an arrowhead in the Mesolithic and Neolithic.
Knaus - a special architectural structure, consisting of individual niches, which
contained the bones of dead people (Zoroastrian ritual).
Nautaka - an area in the eastern part of Kashkadarya Valley.
Knaus - a special tomb.
Naqib - military rank, appoint only persons sayidskogo origin, who was in charge
of a device, equipment, and location of troops, the purpose of the vanguard and
rearguard, the construction of the center and on the wings and the device when
necessary ambush.
Namazgokh - a place of public prayer at a landmark day (Eid, Ramadan, Nowruz).
Samarkansa - Sogdian name Sogdiny capital - Marakanda.
Sangandoz - warrior kamnemet.
Spitama - genus name, from which there was Zoroaster.
Savkali - rich pectoral ornament national Karakalpak.
Sadr - the highest spiritual rank, head mutavalli.
Sarbaz - a hired soldier of the regular army, infantryman.
Sardoba - high domed structure made of burnt bricks, builds on the well, which
went down the stairs. The water in the well came on ceramic pipes from mountain
springs. They were usually built on the caravan routes.
Sunnis - the followers of the Sunnah - the prophet regulations (hadith).
Sophias - a follower of the philosophical currents, denied the worldly goods in
order to achieve the ultimate goal - approaching God.
Suyurgal - award a gift of land.
Tabib - doctor, healing the sick by means of prayers and different herbs and roots.
Terma - a genre of Uzbek folklore; each verse has its own content; usually
performed by storytellers with musical accompaniment.
Tepa - literally: "hill", "hill"; part of the name of the archaeological sites - mounds
and settlements, for example, Karatepa.
Terracotta - literally "baked clay"; spindle whorls, weights, figurines.
Totemism - the belief in the existence of a close link between any tribal group and
its totem (primogenitor) - a certain type of animal, at least - plants.
Tamga - sales tax.
Tavachi - an official whose duties include the collection, recording and
organization of troops.
Tadhkira - a treatise on the scientists and poets.
Taksaba -first - the keeper of the national flag, in the Middle Ages - a military rank
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(head of a military unit, who had his flag).
Tanabe ¬- measure for measuring land area, 1/6 acres: Khiva Tanabe - 4095 m;
Bukhara - 2710 m; Tashkent 1820 km.v.
Tanabai - potanabny tax orchards.
Tanha - award land to the people inhabiting her garden or a large income on loan
for temporary use.
Commentary - Commentary on the Qur'an
Tumanbashi - desyatitysyachnik.
Fog - district.
Tuma - complained to the perpetual use of land.
Tilla - gold coin.
Tim - a shopping arcade (dome).
Topchibashev - chief of artillery units.
Tugbegi - keeper banner ruler of the tribe.
Tug - a special sign.
Tulgama - attack from the flank or in the enemy's rear.
Mist - was a ten-thousandth of the compound.
Tumanaga - desyatitysyachnik.
Urda - rate, the seat of the governor of the state.
Ubaychi - officials (there were two), met high-ranking official, comes to the Khan,
and enter it into the reception.
Ulus - clan and tribal association with a specific territory subject to the khan, or
head of the tribe.
Ustod - mentors.
CSR - a tax of 10 per cent of the harvest.
Fatwa - the final decision, Sheikh-ul-Islam and the Mufti of conformity of an
action or event the Qur'an or sharia.
Faqih - theology, the science of the laws of Sharia.
Phalanx - order the Macedonian infantry, armed with long, heavy spears; closely
serried rank of 26 rows of soldiers.
Farasman - the king of Khorezm, sent ambassadors to Alexander the Great.
Faqih - lawyer.
Fels - copper bargaining chip.
Fatwa - a decision on any legal question, cleric issued under the provisions of
sharia, or decree establishing the admissibility of an action in terms of the Shari'a.
Fiqh - the science of Islamic jurisprudence, to interpret Shariah requirements.
Haykal - women's jewelry in Karakalpak.
Hajib - porter.
Hazinachi - treasurer.
Khan - the title of the rulers and their families.
Khanaka - home of dervishes, strangers.
Kharaj (MW) - the main land-kind and cash tax levied at a rate of 1/5 of the crop
or income.
Hijjah -¬ Muslim chronology.
Harvar - a measure of weight - one donkey burden (about 300 kg).
185
Haylbashi - commander equestrian squad.
Hajib - division commander.
Hajib al-hudzhab - Commander.
Hadiths - stories about the deeds and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad.
Khutba - prayer containing the glorification of the ruling sovereign, which is read
in the mosque.
Haoma - Zoroastrian sacred drink, mixed with milk.
Haar - sacred for Zoroastrians, the highest mountain in the world, according to
legend, connecting the Earth to the sky, which was placed in the entrance to
paradise.
Khanaka - a hostel for traveling Muslims (dervishes), consisting of living rooms
and mosques.
Hashar - voluntary public assistance in carrying out any work.
Hakim, and Naib tumanbashi - managing regions and districts.
Khushun - detachment.
Khazar - thousandth.
Habargiri - scout.
Khoshuns - hundred
Hoshunbashi - squadron commander.
Hudaychi - official, to organize various events in the Bukhara Khanate.
Hujras - living cell madrasa students.
Hudba - preaching imam in the mosque in front of supplication on Fridays and
holidays.
Chinvat - by Zoroastrian mythology - the bridge to the underworld, where the souls
of the dead were the court, getting then to heaven or hell.
Chopper - a large pebble tools, working edge is chipped on one side only.
Teal - oil lamp, kerosene
Chayriker - farm workers, who received a quarter of the harvest.
Charikov - Shoes of raw hides and skins (HUMAK) cattle or goats.
Chigir (chigirik) - water-lifting mechanism.
Chorbag (literally: "Four Gardens") - chateau, on all sides surrounded by gardens;
arranged according to a definite plan.
Chorsu - a platform at the crossroads of two shopping malls in the market.
Chugirma - cap sheepskin coat outside.
Shariah - the religious laws and regulations that govern the presence of the highest
religious court and the clergy; systematic set of Muslim laws.
Tent - chartug.
Shahristan - the inner part of the city, surrounded with a single defensive wall.
Sheikh-ul-Islam - higher Muslim clergy person; I deal with complaints and
statements pertaining to the origin (nasab).
Shigaul - Ceremonies.
Shiites - opposition-minded to the Shiites; We did not recognize the Prophet
regulations.
Shagird - the pupil of the master - craftsman.
Sheikh-ul-Islam - the head of the clergy.
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Sheikh ul-Islam - enforce sharia law persons of different social classes.
Sharia - a set of Muslim laws.
Shulen - food tax.
Emir - the master, the ruler of the state.
Eshikagabashi (lit .: the head porters) - rank, let us in the Bukhara Khanate those
military and civilian ranks; initially in charge of security.
Yuzbashev - centurions.
Yaksara - tax on draft animals in the Bukhara Emirate.
Yaksart - the ancient name of the Syr Darya.
Yalla - songs performed by three or four performers in unison (odnogolosyj).
Yaroslavl State University - fine; Punishment; ban.
Yasavul - security
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