U N I T F O U R
Phonetics: 1. Vowel o. 2. Consonant x. 3. Letter
combinations wr, wh, ws.
Grammar: 1. Construction there is / there are. 2. The
Past Simple Tense. 3. Was, were. 4. Always,
usually, never etc.
Text: Flag of Uzbekistan.
Conversational practice: Attracting Attention
o [əu] / [ou]
ochiq bo‘g‘in
yopiq bo‘g‘in
R harfi bilan
[ou] [o] or [o:]
oor [uə]
order [o:də]
more [mo:]
poor [puə]
boor [buə]
ower [auə]
w + or [ə:]
go [gəu]
note [nəut]
nose [nəuz]
bone [bəun]
smoke [sməuk]
stone [stəun]
dog [dog]
loss [los]
got [got]
golf [golf]
clock [klok]
coffee [kofi]
power [pauə]
tower [tauə]
flower [flauə]
work [wə:k]
word [wə:d]
world [wə:ld]
istisnolar: do [du:], door [do:].
Ikki unlili birikmalar
oo ou
oa
[u:] [u] [au] [ou]
moon [mu:n]
stool [stu:l]
food [fu:d]
too [tu:]
soon [su:n]
book [buk]
took [tuk]
shook [∫uk]
good [gud]
room [rum]
out [aut]
loud [laud]
round [raund]
sound [saund]
house [haus]
oak [əuk]
goat [gəut]
goal [gəul]
loaf [ləuf]
throat [θrəut]
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O‘ziga xos birikmalar
ow
owe
[au] [ou]
[auə]
now [nau]
how [hau]
brown [braun]
bow [bau]
low [lou]
show [∫ou]
snow [snou]
know [nou]
towel [tauəl]
flower [flauə]
o + ld / lt / ll / lk /
o + m / n / v / th
[əu]
[
Λ
]
old [əuld]
told [təuld]
cold [kəuld]
hold [həuld]
bold [bəuld]
bolt [bəult]
roll [rəul]
toll [təul]
droll [drəul]
folk [fəulk]
come [k
Λ
m]
done [d
Λ
n]
money [m
Λ
ni]
Monday [m
Λ
ndi]
love [l
Λ
v]
above [əb
Λ
v]
cover [k
Λ
və]
other [
Λ
ðə]
mother [m
Λ
ðə]
brother [br
Λ
ðə]
x = [ks] / [gz] / [z]
[ks] [gz]
[z]
mix [miks]
six [siks]
fix [fiks]
text [tekst]
next [nekst]
fax [fæks]
exact [ig′zækt]
exam [ig′zæm]
example [ig′za:mpl]
exalt [igz′o:lt]
examine [ig′zæmin]
exemplar [ig′zemplə]
Xerox [′ziəroks]
xylophone [′zailəfoun]
xylograph [′zailəgra:f]
xistor [′zistə]
wr, wh, sw
wr wh sw
[r] [w] [h] [s]
write [rait]
wrap [ræp]
wrangle [ræŋl]
wrong [roŋ]
wraps [ræps]
what [wot]
when [wen]
which [wit∫]
why [wai]
while [wail]
who [hu:]
whom [hu:m]
whose [hu:z]
whole [houl]
whoop [hu:p]
answer [a:nsə]
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EXERCISES
4.1. Copy out the words, transcribe them and find their meanings in the
dictionary.
Globe, loud, loaf, round, house, point, bone, toy, town, vote,
brown, join, open, how, sound, oil, most, poll, boy, now, close,
code, South, down, hope, goat, noise, throat.
4.2.
Read the words and find their meanings in the dictionary.
a)
mix, exalt, six, fix, text, exact, next, fax, exam, examine,
xylophone, exemplar, Xerox, example, xylograph, xistor.
b)
wrap, answer, what, wrong, whom, while, whole, wraps, which,
who, whoop, wrangle, why, when, whose.
There is... / There are ...
singular
there is ... (there’s)
is there ... ?
there is not ... (there isn’t
or there’s not)
• There is a book on the table.
• There’s a train at 12.15.
• Is there anybody at home?
• “Is there a bus-stop near here?”
“Yes, here are. / No, there isn’t.”
plural
there are ...
are there ... ?
there are not ...
or (there aren’t)
• There are some books on the table.
• There are many accidents on this road.
• “Are there any fingerprints on the door?”
“Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.”
• There aren’t many people in this club.
We can use no in negative sentences:
no ... = not + any or not + a
• There are no books on the table. (= there aren’t any books)
• There is no bus-stop near here. (= there isn’t a bus–stop).
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EXERCISES
4.3. Read and translate.
1. There is a stadium in this street.
2. There are many students at the Academy.
3. There are operative workers at the Criminal Investigation
Department
4. There is a big park in the centre of the city.
5. There is not an Underground in Samarkand.
6. There are not any exercises in this book.
7. There are no children in this room.
8. There is no bus stop near here.
4.4. Answer the following questions.
1. Are there many museums in your city?
Yes, there are many
museums in our city.
2. Is there a club at your Academy?
3. Are there 12 months in a year?
4. Are there 24 weeks in a year?
5. Are there 600 minutes in an hour?
6. Are there any old houses in the city centre?
7. Is there a good reading hall in the Academy?
8. Is there an apple tree in your garden?
4.5.
Write seven sentences about your town. Use
there is / are / isn’t /
aren’t.
1.
There are many schools in our town.
2. ................................................................................
4.6. Write sentences with
There are... .
Choose from the boxes.
twenty four
thirty one
twenty six
eleven
seven
twelve
two
letters
players
days
months
days
hours
TV towers
in
March
Tashkent
a football team
a day
the English alphabet
a week
a year
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1.
There are twenty four hours in a day.
2. ....................................................................................................
4.7. Pun the verb
to be (is
or
are
)
in the right form.
1. There ........... many notebooks on the table.
2. There ........... no airport in Khiva.
3. There ........... two libraries in our Academy.
4. There ........... a bus stop near our house.
5. How many seasons ........... there in a year?
6. How many days ........... there in September?
4.8. Translate into English.
1. Jinoyat joyida qon izlari bor.
2. Shaharda kinoteatrlar ko‘p.
3. Stol ustida ruchkalar ko‘p.
4. Xonada hech kim yo‘q.
5. Kriminalistika kafedrasida laboratoriya bor.
6. Bir yilda 12 oy bor.
7. Bir haftada 7 kun bor.
8. Kutubxonada biror kishi bormi?
The Past Simple Tense
They
watch
television every evening. (present simple)
They
watched
television yesterday evening. (past simple)
I / we / you / they / he / she / it
watched
Make the past simple in regular verbs by adding -ed to the present
simple:
work – worked
play – played
open – opened
visit – visited
look – looked
arrive – arrived
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• I started my work at 8 o’clock this morning.
• I played football yesterday.
• Jim worked at a court from 1995 to 1998.
• Mr. Brown and his wife arrived in Tashkent last night.
• Everybody enjoyed the party last night. They danced a lot and
talked to a lot of people. The party finished at midnight.
• The accident happened yesterday at lunchtime.
Spelling
try – tried study – studied copy – copied
stop – stopped plan – planned beg – begged
Some verbs are irregular. The past simple is not -ed:
begin - began
break - broke
bring - brought
build - built
buy - bought
catch - caught
come - came
do - did
drink - drank
think - thought
fall - fell
find - found
fly - flew
forget - forgot
get - got
give - gave
go - went
have - had
hear - heard
know - knew
leave - left
lose - lost
make - made
meet - met
pay - paid
put - put
read - read
ring - rang
say - said
see - saw
sell - sold
sit - sat
sleep - slept
speak - spoke
stand - stood
take - took
tell - told
eat - ate
win - won
write - wrote
• Yesterday I met Paul and gave him my English book.
• He bought a lot of food.
• They came late last Sunday.
• This morning Tom went to the shop and bought some
vegetables.
• The witness saw the suspect and spoke to him.
We use did in past simple negatives and questions:
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infinitive positive negative
work
go
study
plan
have
do
play
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
work ed
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