O‘zbekiston davlat jahon tillari universiteti

Physical evidence: The tangible evidence of a service, including everything which can be seen, touched, smelt and heard.

Pollution: Harmful effects on the environment as a by-product of tourism activity. Types include: air; noise; water; and aesthetic.

port of entry: point at which persons enter a country where customs and immigration services exist

Positioning: The process of ensuring potential customers have a desired perception of a product or service, relative to the competition.

pre- and post-trip tours: optional extension packages before or after a meeting, tour or convention

pre-formed group: a tour group in existence prior to the tour, the members of which share a common destination and purpose

Price elasticity of demand: A measure of the variability that can be expected in sales when prices are changed. Unity elasticity would see equal increase in sales to in reaction to a decrease in price. Inelastic demand would not change when prices went down or up.

Price elasticity of demand: A relationship between the changes in prices charged for a good or service (here taken as hotel rooms) and the change in the amount demanded.

pricing: decision-making process of ascertaining what price to charge for a given tour, once total costs are known. Pricing involves determining the markup, studying the competition, and evaluating the tour value for the price to be charged; function performed by the operations manager.

primary market: a country in which the US Travel & Tourism Admin (USTTA) maintains an office

Process control: A systematic use of tools to identify significant variations in operational performance and output quality, determine root causes, make corrections and verify results (Evans and Lindsay, 1999:345).

Process design: Involves specifying all practices needed, flowcharting, rationalisation and error prevention (Rao et. al., 1996:540-541).