11 BE, HAVE AND DO
c Have (got) ...on m e a n s 'wear'.
Mandy has (got) a long dress on. (= Mandy is wearing a long dress.)
d There is also a pattern with have (got) which means the same as there + be.
The T-shirt had a slogan on it. (= There was a slogan on the T-shirt.)
2 Form
a Have (got) expresses a state. We do not use it in the continuous.
Present simple
I/you/we/they have I/you/we/they have got
he/she/it has he/she/it has got
Past simple
everyone had everyone had got
Present perfect
I/you/we/they have had
he/she/it has had
Past perfect
everyone had had
b Got is informal, typical of everyday conversation. We can use it in the present
simple and past simple, but it is more common in the present than in the past. And
it is more common in Britain than in the USA.
With have on its own, we usually use a full form. Before got, we can use the short
forms 've, 's or 'd.
Present simple
I have the key. (a little formal) I have got the key. (informal)
I've the key. (unusual) I've got the key. (informal)
Past simple
I had the key. (most usual) I had got the key. (less usual)
I'd the key. (unusual) I'd got the key. (less usual)
NOTE
In very informal speech, got is sometimes used without have.
I got lots of time. (= I've got lots of time.)
You got any money? (= Have you got any money?)
c There are some patterns where we do not normally use got. We do not use it in
the perfect.
I've had these shoes for years.
We do not normally use it in the infinitive or the ing-form.
It would be nice to have lots of money.
It's pretty depressing having no job.
We do not use got in a short answer.
Have you got your bag? ~ Yes, I have.
And we do not normally use got after a modal verb.
You can have these magazines if you like.
PAGE 108
PAGE 109 86 The ordinary verb have
NOTE
a Have got can be the present perfect of get.
I left my books outside. They've got wet. (= have become)
Compare these examples:
I've got some sugar from our next-door neighbour. (= have obtained/borrowed)
I've got some sugar somewhere. I think it's in the cupboard. (= have)
For gotten (USA), • 303 (5d).
b When have got means 'have obtained', 'have received', we can use it in the infinitive or
ing-form or after a modal verb.
We're grateful to have (got) somewhere to live. ( to have got = to have found)
/ can't help having (got) a cold, can I? (having got = having caught)
They must have (got) our letter by now. (must have got = must have received)
d In negatives and questions we can use have or do as the auxiliary.
Present simple
I don't have a key. I haven't got a key.
Do you have a key? Have you got a key?
I haven't a key. (a little formal)
Have you a key? (a little formal)
Past simple
I didn't have a key. (most usual) I hadn't got a key. (less usual)
Did you have a key? (most usual) Had you got a key? (less usual)
I hadn't a key. (less usual)
Had you a key? (less usual)
In the present I don't have and I haven't got are both possible, although Americans
normally use I don't have. In the past we normally use did.
NOTE
In the perfect we form negatives and questions in the usual way.
We haven't had this car for long. ~ How long had you had your old one?
86 The ordinary verb have
Have as an ordinary verb has a number of meanings.
The children are having a wonderful time. (= are experiencing)
I've had a letter. (= have received)
We'll be having a late lunch. (= will be eating)
I always have a beer when I'm watching television. (= drink)
Here have is an action verb and can be continuous (are having).
We use the auxiliary verb do in simple-tense negatives and questions.
We don't have breakfast on Sundays.
Did you have a good journey?
We cannot use got with the ordinary verb have.
NOT The children have got a wonderful time.
NOTE
a Compare these two sentences.
Action: We often have a game of cards. (= play)
State: We have/ We've got a pack of cards. (= own, possess)
b For we're having a new shower installed, • 111.
11 BE, HAVE AND DO
PAGE 110
87 Empty verbs
1 Compare these sentences.
We often swim in the pool.
We often have a swim in the pool.
The sentences have a very similar meaning. We can express some actions as a verb
(swim) or a verb + object (have a swim). The verb have is empty of meaning. Have
is the most common empty verb, but we can also use take, give, make and go.
These are all ordinary verbs and can be continuous.
We were having a swim.
2 Verb Empty verb + object
Leisure activities walk have/take a walk/go for a walk
run have a run/go for a run
jog have a jog/go for a jog
ride have a ridel go for a ride
swim have a swim/go for a swim
Resting and sleeping sit down have/take a seat
rest have/take a rest
lie down have a lie-down
sleep have a sleep
Eating and drinking eat have a meal/a snack/something to eat
drink have a drink/something to drink
Washing (yourself) wash have a wash
bath have/take a bath
shower have/take a shower
Speech talk have a talk/a word
chat have a chat
argue have an argument
explain give an explanation
complain make a complaint
suggest make a suggestion
Others act take action
decide make/take a decision
go/travel make a journey/take a trip
guess make/have a guess
laugh/smile give a laugh/smile
look have/take a look
try/attempt have a try/make an attempt
visit pay someone a visit
work do some work
3 Most expressions with empty verbs mean the complete action. A swim means a
period of swimming from start to finish. A walk means a complete journey on foot
which we do for pleasure.
Helen jumped in the water and swam a few strokes.
Helen went to the pool and had a swim.
We missed the bus, so we walked.
It was a lovely day so we went for a walk.
PAGE 111 88 The ordinary verb do
4 Compare the use of the adverb and the adjective in these sentences.
Adverb Adjective
I washed quickly. I had a quick wash.
They argued passionately. They had a passionate argument.
It is often easier to use the adjective pattern.
I had a good long sleep.
This is neater than I slept well and for a long time.
88 The ordinary verb do
1 We can use do as an ordinary verb.
I've done something silly. We did the journey in three hours.
What subjects are you doing? I'll do the potatoes for you.
2 These are the forms of the ordinary verb do.
Present simple Present continuous
I/you/we/they do I am doing
he/she/it does you/we/they are doing
he/she/it is doing
Past simple Past continuous
everyone did I/he/she/it was doing
you/we/they were doing
Present perfect Present perfect continuous
I/you/we/they have done I/you/we/they have been doing
he/she/it has done he/she/it has been doing
Past perfect Past perfect continuous
everyone had done everyone had been doing
We form negatives and questions in the same way as with other verbs. In simple
tenses we use the auxiliary do.
Tom doesn't do chemistry any more.
He isn't doing biology now either.
Did you do games yesterday afternoon?
What have you been doing lately?
We can also use the negative imperative don't and the emphatic do before the
ordinary verb.
Don't do anything dangerous.
Your sister did do well in the competition, didn't she?
11 BE, HAVE AND DO PAGE 112
3 The ordinary verb do has a number of uses.
a We use do for an action when we do not say what the action is. This may be
because we do not know or do not want to say.
What are you doing? ~ I'm working out this sum.
You can do lots of exciting things at Adventure World!
Guess what we did yesterday.
b We also use do to mean 'carry out', 'work at', 'study' or 'complete'.
Have you done your exercises?
They're doing some repairs to the roof.
We did the job in an hour.
c In informal English we can use do instead of another verb when we are talking
about doing a job.
The roof was damaged. They're doing it now. (= repairing)
I've done the shoes. (= cleaned)
The restaurant does Sunday lunches. (= serves)
d We can also use do with a gerund. • 138(2)
Someone ought to do the washing.
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