Outline: Introduction to History

In economy

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  Uzbekistan ranked 12th in terms of GDP per capita, while the GNP per capita income is two times lower than the Soviet Union’s average.
  
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  In terms of labor productivity in the industry, Uzbekistan is about 40 percent behind the country and twice as much in terms of agricultural productivity.
  

In socio-politics

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  The mass riots organized by the violent forces in the Ferghana region in May 1989, grew dramatically by the end of June
  
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  Bloodshed was continued in Boka and Parkent districts of Tashkent region on February 19-20, 1990
  

The multifaceted processes that took place on the political map of the world at the end of the 20th century led to profound transformations in Central Asia. The ideological processes and threats that have emerged in our region are closely connected with these changes. The first President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov in his book, "Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century: Challenges to Stability and Progress" specifically indicate the factors that threaten the security in the Central Asian region, particularly in Uzbekistan. These factors are:
1. Regional conflicts
2. Religious extremism and fundamentalism
3. Great state chauvinism and aggressive nationalism
4. Ethnic and inter-ethnic conflicts
5. Corruption and crime
6. Localism and tribalism
7. Environmental issues
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan actually turned out to be a front-line state, near the borders of which two hotbeds of crises continue to burn - in Afghanistan and Tajikistan, which claimed hundreds of thousands of human lives in recent years.
Taking advantage of the fact that the Islamic religion plays an important role in the worldview and spirituality of the peoples of Central Asia, under the guise of "training" for Islam, under the banner of the revival of Islam in the region, subversive actions to spread religious extremism and fundamentalism increased.
Since the Central Asian republics declared their independence at the end of 1991, ethnic harmony has been seen as the most fundamental condition for political stability in all five newly independent multi-ethnic Central Asian states. In the last few years, governments of the Central Asian states have all wrestled with problems of ethnic conflicts and ethnic harmony. 
The Aral Sea, which belonged mainly to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, was one of the largest continental reservoirs in the world. Both the sea and the rivers that flowed into it (Amu and Syr Darya) had high ecological value. Very little remains of this wealth today. The water level decreased by more than 20 meters, the coastline receded in places by 100 km. The former water area, 65,000 square kilometer - equal to the territory of Holland and Belgium combined, decreased by 70% and continues to decrease.
In the world geopolitics, aspiration to subjugate peoples in spiritually-ideologically and attempts to divide the world on this basis continues. In order to achieve this goal certain powers use modern mass media and their delivery, under the guise of mutually beneficial cooperation, aimed at actually forming an ideological climate in different territories of the planet, beneficial to themselves.
It should be emphasized that today geopolitical goals are in many respects consistent with ideological policy. Therefore, Islam Karimov has repeatedly stressed that the modern world is a world of complex ideological contradictions, a world in which ideological polygons (proving ground) have become stronger and more dangerous than nuclear ones.