Organic Chemistry I

1.6
Draw all the resonance structures for azide anion, N
3
–
, and indicate the most stable one.
1.7
Draw new resonance structure and compare the relative stability, show arrows in the original structure.
Answers to Practice Questions Chapter 1 | 41

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1.8
• What is the hybridization of oxygen atom in H
2
O molecule?
• What is the hybridization of xenon atom in XeF
4
molecule, and what is the shape of the whole molecule?
42 | Answers to Practice Questions Chapter 1

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CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTAL OF ORGANIC
STRUCTURES
In this chapter we will talk about the fundamental structural features of organic compounds, the categorization and
drawing of organic structures, functional groups and nomenclatures.
Organic Compounds Overview
Organic compounds are compounds that contain the
carbon
element. The simplest organic compound is a
hydrocarbon
, which is a compound containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are composed of
several sub-categories: alkane, alkene, alkyne and aromatic, depending on the type of carbon-carbon bonds involved.
Hydrocarbons can be in chains (straight-chain or branched-chain) or rings. The hydrocarbon chain and ring form the
“carbon
backbone
” of organic compounds
,
and functional groups connected to the backbone provide the great diversity
organic structures.
Functional groups
are common and specific arrangements of atoms, usually heteroatoms (atoms
other than carbon and hydrogen) like N, O, Cl, that show specific and relatively high reactivities. Knowledge about the
common functional groups in this Chapter will prepare us for the discussions of organic reactions later.