Олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги фарғона давлат университети

3. Explain the meaning of the types of meaning of polysemantic words according to V.V.Vinogradov. Give examples to each of them.
1. nominative
2. nominative-derivative
3. colligationally conditioned
4. collocationally conditioned
5. phraseologically bound
4. Summarizing. Write a small thesis (500-700 words) on the development of polysemy. What factors can cause the development of polysemy? Can you find out some other ambiguities not mentioned in the given texts?


REVIEW

1. 
   Find the markers joining the meanings of polysemantic words.
   
   1. 
      Man
      
   2. 
      Time
      
   3. 
      Duty
      
2. 
   Define denotative and connotative meanings of the words in bold.
   1. I suppose muggins will have to do it.
   

2. Give mummy the doggie then.
3. My brother is terrible. Let’s get rid of this little beastie.
4. Let me get you the aforementioned.
5. We are away to the sunnier climes.
6. Anastasia had to fork out a lot for that present.
7. For us it’s been a real catch-22, because we had the time to take a vacation without having any money.
3. Build sentences with primary and two secondary meanings of the following polysemantic words.
Bind, board, boil, broad, catch, collapse, course, lemon, long, passage, pure, quick, review, spell, tell.
4. In the following sentences, compare the various meanings of the word “nice”, substitute a synonym for the word “nice”.
1.Clarice, the daughter of somebody on the estate, a nice quiet well-mannered girl, who, thank Heaven, had never been in service before, and had no alarm… 2. Leah is a nice girl, to be sure. 3. “Well, what people!”- she said. “We’ve just nice time for the train”. 4. Realize that he was handsome, and could be extraordinary “nice” when he liked, and was really very clever, in his own critical way, and you see how many chances he had of being adored and protected. 5. Mrs. Blimber said: “Oh Dombey, Dombey, this is really very careless” and piled them (books) up afresh for him; and this time, by dint of balancing them with great nicety; Paul got put of the room, and down a few stairs before two of them escaped again.
5. Discuss the meaning of the following words: white, black, house.
a. White face. White lie. White elephant. White sugar. White meat. White hair. White teeth. A white youth in his twenties. White coffee.
b. Black clouds. Black tea. Black community. Hands black with grime. Black despair. To be in a black mood. A black comedy.
c. The White House. An ancient trading house. Don’t wake the whole house. On the house. A two-bedroom house. He played to packed houses. To urge the house to vote. Bring the house down. To keep house.
6. Answer the questions:

1. 
   How many approaches exist in the history of study the word meaning?
   
2. 
   What is referential approach to the study of the word meaning?
   
3. 
   What is conceptual approach to the study of the word meaning?
   
4. 
   What is semantic triangular?
   
5. 
   What is a semantic marker?
   
6. 
   Define the theory of meaning.
   
7. 
   Distinguish the grammatical and lexical meaning of the word.
   

8.Distinguish the difference between denotational and connotational word meaning.
9.Distinguish the difference between the stylistic reference and emotoive charge.
10.Define the results of the changes of the word meaning.
11.What changes of the word meaning occur in the language?