Oil Analysis


Testing for Water Contamination



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CM Oil Analysis

Testing for Water Contamination

  • Testing for water in oil can be done through a variety of methods with the most common and simple being the "crackle" test.
  • A crackle test is a test where a couple of drops of oil is put on a hot plate and heated to about 300 F (150 °C).
  • If water is present, audible crackling will be heard as the water heats up, bubbles form and grow and finally pop.
  • Another method is the FTIR (discussed earlier) where the presence of water will be indicated in a particular wavelength.
  • In order to quantify the water in the oil, the Karl Fischer test is often used. This test will provide a ppm or percentage water value. Measures all water - free, emulsified and dissolved.

Solid Contaminants

  • Solid (particle) contaminants can be quite destructive
  • Destructiveness:
    • Quantity
    • Size
    • Hardness
    • Sharpness of edges
    • Weight
  • Examples include:
    • Wear metals (depends on system components)
    • Soot (combustion by-product)
    • Rust
    • Dirt / Dust
    • Fibers
    • Silt (class of very small particles (~ 1 micron) and can be composed of many different materials

Introduction To Ferrography

  • Also known as Wear Debris Analysis
  • A powerful tool in analyzing the health of machinery.
  • Wear particles suspended in the oil are separated by magnetic or filtration methods
  • Examine this debris under optical microscope (100x is standard)
  • Analyst can gain much information on the health of the machinery from which the sample was taken
  • Relatively simple technique
    • periodically quantify amount of wear taking place over time
    • identify location and mechanism of such wear

Example

  • Large Ferrous Abrasive Wear
  • 100× Magnification

Wear Debris Particle Recognition

  • Appearance of wear debris is related to conditions under which they were formed
  • This facilitates the identification of wear mechanisms.
  • Only a limited number of ways in which surface wear can occur.
  • Each mechanism generates particles of a specific appearance.
  • Damage due to wear can occur by any of the following specific wear mechanisms:
    • Abrasion
    • Gouging
    • Adhesion
    • Cavitation
    • Erosion
    • Micro fatigue
    • Fretting
    • Corrosion

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