|
GA
|
RP
|
tall [tohl, to'Hl]
|
[tɔ:l]
|
caught [koht, ko'Ht]
|
[kɔ:t]
|
[i:]
It does not differ greatly in RP and GA.
Its transcription symbols are [ij] and [iy]. In GA [ij] may occur in place of the final RP [I]:
GA
|
RP
|
bee [bij]
|
[bi:]
|
see [sij]
|
[si:]
|
It is a little more open in GA than in RP.
[c]
In GA it is a lower vowel. It is lower than the first element of the diphthong [ɛə].
In GA this vowel resembles [æ]:
GA [ɛ]
|
RP [e]
|
red [rɛd]
|
[red]
|
pen [pɛn]
|
[pen]
|
[æ]
This vowel is front and longer in GA than in RP.
Its distribution is different from RP [ɑ:]:
GA [æ]
|
RP [ɑ:]
|
ask [æsk]
|
[ɑ:sk]
|
[ɜ:]
In GA it is pronounced as a retroflexed vowel [ə]. The transcription symbol of its retroflexion is [hr]:
GA [əhrm]
|
RP [əm]
|
term [təhrm]
|
[tɜ:m]
|
third [θəhrd]
|
[θɜ:d]
|
turn [təhrn]
|
[tɜ:n]
|
[ə]
It is almost the same in GA and RP.
Most American descriptivist consider that in GA [ʌ] is pronounced as [ə]. Others state that it is closer than RP [ʌ]. They use the same symbol.
[u:]
In GA this vowel is considered to be not only a diphthongoid, but also a combination of [u] + [w]:
GA
|
RP
|
too [tuw]
|
[tu:]
|
boot [buwt]
|
[bu:t]
|
[ɒ]
This vowel is pronounced in GA without any lip rounding: [ǎ]. It is similar to RP [ɑ:], but is short and checked:
GA
|
RP
|
box [bǎks]
|
[bɒks]
|
stop [stǎp]
|
[stɒp]
|
However, in words log, long, strong [ɒ] is labialized as in RP.
[i]
Some phoneticians consider this high central vowel to be similar to the Russian [ы]. They point out that it occurs in the unstressed syllables of such words as believe, candid. Others do not include it in the inventory of the GA vowel phonemes.
Long vowels and diphthongs in GA are stated to consist of two elements: a monophthong and a glide. The latter are represented as follows.
CONCLUSION
As we have already above mentioned, there is wide range of pronunciation of any language, the English language as well. The pronunciation of almost every locality in the British Isles has peculiar features that distinguish it from other varieties of English pronunciation. Moreover, pronunciation is socially influenced, i.e. it is influenced by education and upbringing. At the same time all these varieties have much more in common that what differentiates them. They are varieties of one and the same language, the English language.
Any language may have its literary or orthopedic norm, regional types and dialects. Dealing with the English and the types of English pronunciation we mean the use of English all over the world where the English language is accepted as the state language. English is spoken not only in the British Isles which has its Northern, Scottish and Irish type of pronunciations, in the United States of America, Australia, Canada and many other countries of the world.
Though those national languages have distinctive features of their own which differentiate them from British English and from each other, they have much more in common. That is why they are considered to be variants of the same language, the English language.
American English which is a variant of the English language, has developed its own peculiarities in vocabulary, grammatical structure and pronunciation. There are three main types of AE pronunciation, the Eastern, the Southern, and the General American type.
The development of American English on the American continent has a comparatively short history. The conditions under which it developed were peculiar and quite unlike those under which the English language developed in Great Britain.
English is one of the national official languages together with French n Canada. Canadian English (CaE) has common phonetic features both with RP and GA. English, which is spoken in Ontario region, is more similar to GA than in other parts of Canada as this region is situated very close to the USA
The development of the English language in Australia has its own history, which is a comparatively short one: less than two centuries (which is even less than the history of American English, comprising three and a half centuries).
The chief reasons for the development of Australian speech are linguistic and historical, though, as the majority of Australian linguists’ state, it is difficult to trace them very satisfactorily.
The main pronunciation similarities and differences between the types of English pronunciation can be observed in phonemic system, accentual structure, and intonation structure.
Thus, the study of the types of English pronunciation can stated as one of the most interesting and important problems of modern English phonetics.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Abduazizov A.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course. T., 2006.
2. Abduazizov A.A. Theoretical Phonetics of Modern English. T, 1986.
3. Alimardanov R. A. Pronunciation Theory of English. T, 2009
4. Baker S.J. “Australian Pronunciation”, Sydney, 1947
5.Gimson A.C. An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English, Ldn, 1975.
5. Jones D. The Phoneme, its Nature and Use. Cambridge, 1950
6 Mitchell A.G., Delbridge A. “The Pronunciation of English in Australia”, Sydney, 1965
7.Shakhbagova D.A. Varieties of English Pronunciation, M, 1982
8. Sokolova M.A. et al. “English Phonetics. A theoretical course”, Moscow, 1992.
9. Turner G.W. “The English Language in Australia and New Zealand”, London, 1972.
10.Vassilyev V.A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course. M., 1970.
Web-sites
https://studfile.net/preview/7653496/page:18/
https://www.uv.es/anglotic/accents_of_english/03/general_american_english_pronunciation.html
https://studfile.net/preview/5271319/page:4/
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
