Of the republic of uzbekistan termiz state university faculty of foreign philology

Some Peculiarities of the English Conjunctions Compared to That of Uzbek
There are several conjunctions in the English and Uzbek languages and, as we know, they are used to link complex sentences one of which depend on the other in some ways. But they are not always understood as they are by the Uzbek learners of English. Because the English and Uzbek conjunctions have their own frequent meanings and rare meanings that are forgotten by the learners as well. That’s because some English conjunctions such as but, or, as have some confusing meanings for the native Uzbek speaking students. For example the conjunction but is explained as a word that is «used to connect two statements or phrases when the second one adds something different or seems surprising after the first one» [2]: He came in, but he didn’t even said hello. — U kirib keldi-yu, lekin hattoki salomlashmadi ham. «Is he interested in computers». «No, but he has to work on them at his work». — «U kompyuterlarga qiziqadimi?» «Yo’q, lekin ishida kompyuterlarda ishlashiga to’g’ri keladi.» They know English well, but they don’t know any French. — Ular Ingliz tilini yaxshi bilishadi, lekin Fransuz tilini umuman bilishmaydi. In the sentences given above but can sometimes be replaced with though which means shunday bo’lsada, garchi in Uzbek. In this case the order of some words in the sentence or some features of the sentence change their places and forms, but the meaning is kept as before: «Is he interested in computers». «No, he has to work on them at his work though.» — «U kompyuterlarga qiziqadimi?» «Yo’q, shunday bo’lsada ishida u kompyuterlarda ishlashiga to’g’ri keladi.» They know English well. They don’t know any French though. — Ular Ingliz tilini yaxshi bilishadi. Shunday bo’lsada ua Fransuz tilini umuman bilishmaydi. But has also other meanings which are not easily understood by Uzbek speaking learners. One of them is the meaning of except. Except means …dan boshqa, …dan tashqari, …dan o’zga in Uzbek. As but means except in such sentences it can be replaced with except in most cases: Everyone went to the party but Jim. — Everyone went to the party except Jim. — Jimdan o’zga barcha bazmga bordi. Hardly any mammal but whales live in the sea. — Hardly any mammal except whales live in the sea. — Kitdan tashqari deyarli hech qaysi sut emizuvchi (hayvon) dengizda (suvda) yashamaydi.

The English modal verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality (properties such as possibility, obligation, etc.).^[1] They can be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participle or infinitive forms) and by their neutralization^[2] (that they do not take the ending -(e)s in the third-person singular).

The principal English modal verbs are can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, and must. Certain other verbs are sometimes, but not always, classed as modals; these include ought, had better, and (in certain uses) dare and need. Verbs which share only some of the characteristics of the principal modals are sometimes called "quasi-modals", "semi-modals", or "pseudo-modals".^[2]

Contents

• 
  1Modal verbs and their features
  
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  2Etymology
  
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  3Syntax
  
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  4Past forms
  
  • 
    4.1Conditional sentences
    
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  5Replacements for defective forms
  
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  6Contractions and reduced pronunciation
  
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  7Usage of specific verbs