1 Introduction
1.1 Study Purpose
The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that 75 million young people
are out of work worldwide, a number representing 40% of the world’s unemployed
(ILO, 2012). If estimates of under-employed youth are included, the number would
be tripled. Paradoxically, there is a concurrent critical skills shortage amongst
workers. According to a recent report by Winthrop, et al (2013), the inability to
secure future talent with the right skills not only has become a strategic growth
constraint for businesses, directly impacting the bottom line, but also prevents firms
from scaling up operations, meeting demand in new locations and launching new
products and services.
While there is general consensus on the need to build workforce skills to support
economic development and bring about long-term structural changes to a labour
market affected by globalisation and technological innovation, the underlying
questions remain as to what skills will be needed for the jobs of the future and how
do we make sure individuals are trained in these skills. International organisations,
regional bodies and governments all highlight the importance of forecasting future
skills needs to ensure that education and training systems can adapt and avoid skill
gaps, shortages and mismatches.
ODI has been supported by DfID to conduct research about emerging global trends
in the job market and their effect on skills development, as well as challenges faced
by companies and the workforce in an increasingly competitive world. The
objectives of the research are as follows:
Identify emerging global trends in the job market, and the factors
driving change over the next ten years and beyond, with an emphasis on
new and growing job opportunities.
Analyse the implications of these trends in terms of youth workforce
skills—new emerging needs, current and future gaps in skills, and the
main skills challenges faced by companies as they compete in emerging
markets.
Facilitate discussion on what government, business, education and
training systems can do to address these issues in developing countries
and ensure that individuals have the appropriate skills for the jobs of the
future, including examination of the role of technology in helping train
large numbers of people in the right skills.
The research combines a global approach – including literature review and selected
interviews with multinational companies and key experts in the field – with a more
in-depth local approach examining trends in two developing countries: Vietnam and
Ghana. The main objective of the case studies of these two countries has been to
inform and influence debates on how skills development policies and programmes
should be oriented to meet the needs of the future.
Jobs for the Future 2
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