Ode (kasida) genre in Turkish poetry of the first half of the XV century

Ode (kasida) genre in Turkish poetry of the first half of the XV century
Khasanova Mashkhura Jumanovna
PhD, doctor of philological sciences,
Samarkand State University
[e-mail]
[e-mail]


Abstract:
In this article is spoken about cultural- political life of XV century and its changing and as the result of developing processes of Turkish odes. Also there is information about poets such as Sakkoky, Lutfiy, Gadoi, Tarozy, N. Khorezmy at that time. Speaking about Odes’ ideal - literal qualities, defined people who were praised.
Keywords: Samarkand, Temurid, second capital, Herat, Ulugh Beg Koragon, 30 poems, 3 hymns, husni matla, 22 bytes, Timurid prince Alovuddavla, Ahmad Lur, following byte, ode, memduh, Azerbaijan event, 30 years, Kasim Babur, the persons named Khalil, Sayid bin Sultan Khalil

1. 
   Introduction:
   

There will be periods in the history of art and literature when a group of representatives will emerge, not one who awakens the sleeping time. The 15th century was also a period in the history of Uzbek classical literature, when the founders of classical literature emerged and created the most weighty and beautiful examples of literature.
It is no coincidence that science, literature, art, and culture flourished in Movarounnahr and Khorasan in the 15th century compared to the 12th-13th centuries. Because Samarkand, the capital of the Temurid state founded by Amir Temur, has gathered the world's masters and painters, poets and calligraphers, and will serve as a source for future generations. That is why the most famous representatives of art and literature grew up in Samarkand, and later in Herat, Khorasan, which became the second capital. The role of Amir Temur, Shohruh Mirza and Ulugh Beg Mirza is invaluable.
The sources contain important information about Ulugbek's attitude to writers and fiction. According to the “Tazkirat ush-Shuaro" of Samarkandi, “But the forgiving sultan Said, the martyr Ulugh BegKoragon, (may his tomb be (always) smooth) the king of the world, was just, victorious and generous. He achieved a high career in science. In Maani, the fur (both) was pierced. In his time, the level of the ulama rose and Fuzalo achieved a great career. (Mirza Ulugbek) Although he was a khan [1], he was Majesty [3] in matters of science and jurisprudence [2]. Hukamo and Fuzalo are an alliance that has not been established on the throne of a king like Ulugh Beg Koragon [4] in the period of Islam, but perhaps from the time of Alexander to the present day [22, 57-69].
Shaikh Ahmad Tarazi, in exchange for his work “Funun ul-Balogha”, is the jewel of the Kingdom and the ore of the madilat, silk of the of Borat boron and bravery of base, the essence of ingenuity, King of the country of kaosat, King of Azam, Amir Ulugh Beg Koragon says” [23, 75].
Mirza Ulugbek's nickname or title is given in some sources as “Magisuddin”, “Magisuddin vad-Dunyo”, while contemporary historian Muiniddin Natanzi writes that “Giyosiddin Ulugh Begbahodir”. In the odes of Ismatullah Bukhari, it is written “Zahiriddin Ulugbek”, and it is not in vain. We will talk about this in more detail later. During this period, not only Ulugbek, but also his emirs sponsored science and literature. Among the poems dedicated to Ulugh Begin the “Devon” by the poet Sakkaki are 4 poems dedicated to Arslonkhoja Tarkhan.
During this period, the status of the Turkish language as a literary and scientific language has been growing. This is evidenced by the fact that Sheikh Ahmad ibn Khudoydod Tarazi, the author of the valuable work on literary criticism, “Funun ul-Balaga” (“Sciences of Perfection”), written in Turkish in 840 AH (1436-1437 AH), wrote his book dedicated to Mirza Ulugbek.