Odam va hayvon eniotsiyalari
S h a x s n i n g e m o ts io n a ! h o la t v a k e c h in m a la ri psixolog
va f i z i o l o g l a r t o m o n i d a n e k s p e r i m e n t a l t a r z d a t a d q i q
q i l i n g a n d a , y u k sa k d a r a j a d a tash k il to p g a n h ay v o n lard ag i
e m o t s i y a l a r n i n g flziologik m e x a n i z m l a r i in s o n la r n ik id a n
j i d d i y f a r q l a n m a s l i g i a n i q l a n g a n . L e k i n m u a m m o his-
s i y o t n i n g m a z m u n i , s i f a ti , s h a k l i, ifo d a la n is h i n u q ta y i
n a z a r i d a n ta hlil q ilin g a n d a esa i n s o n bilan h a y v o n e m o -
tsiyasi o r a s i d a keskin farq m a vjudligi n a m o y o n boMadi.
T a b i a t s h u n o s v a i n s o n s h u n o s o l i m l a r h a y v o n l a r d a
e m o t s i o n a l reaksiyalar, h o la tla r m avjudligini t a n olsalar-
d a , b i r o q u l a r d a m u r a k k a b hissiyot, yuk sak h is -tu y g ‘u la r
b o rlig in i i n k o r qiladilar. Bu fikrga t o ‘liq q o ‘shilish m u m k i n ,
c h u n k i i n s o n l a r d a s h u n d a y h i s - t u y g ‘u la r b o rk i, b u n d a y
h is s iy o t h a y v o n l a r d a b o l i s h i m u m k i n e m a s , v a h o l a n k i ,
g ‘a z a b l a n i s h , q o ‘r q i s h , j i n s i y m a y l , q i z i q u v c h a n l i k ,
x u r s a n d l i k , g ‘a m g in lik h a r ikkalasida u c h r a y d i, a m m o u lar
sifat v a m a z m u n j i h a t d a n b i r - b irla rid a n keskin fa rqlanadi.
I n s o n en io tsiy alari (p a to lo g ik h o lla r istisno q ilin g a n d a)
i jtim o iy h a y o t n i n g s h a r t-sh a ro itla rig a m oslashadi. T abiatga,
j a m i y a t g a m u n o s a b a t l a r id a n a m o y o n b o l a d i h a m d a uni
m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq lash tirish h a m , b o sh q a ris h h a m m u m k i n
b o ‘l a d i . O c h l i k hissi, jin s iy m a y l va b o s h q a in s t in k t l a r
s o h a s i d a g i e m o t s i y a l a r h a y v o n b i l a n i n s o n d a o ‘x s h a s h
b o ‘l s a - d a , l e k i n u l a r n i n g i f o d a l a n i s h i d a fa r q m a v ju d .
B u l a r n i n g b a rc h a s i instinktiv h a r a k a t b o l i s h i bilan birga
i n s o n i y l a s h i s h i d a n ib o ra t u z o q e v o lu ts io n , ijtimö'iy-tarixiy
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t a r a q q iy o t y o 'l i n i b o s ib o ‘t g a n , m u r a k k a b q i y i n c h i lik l a r n i
y engish evaziga s h u n d a y k o ‘rinish kasb e t g a n .
I n s o n h is s iy o tin in g ij ti m o i y - t a r i x i y s h a r t - s h a r o i t l a r i
m a v ju d b o ‘lib, u l a r d a n asosiysi s a b a b iy b o g M a n is h la rg a
( d c t e r m i n l a s h g a n ) eg a lig id ir. S h u b o is , i n s o n h is s iy o t-
larining biologik v a fiziologik tahlili, u l a m i n g t u b m o h iy a tin i
o c h i b b e r o l m a y d i , s h u n i n g d e k , h i s s iy o t l a r i n s o n s h a x -
sining ongli va on g siz x a tti - h a r a k a t la r i n i a m a l g a o sh iru v c h i
k u ch g a , y a ’ni m o tiv g a o ‘sib o ‘tish y o ‘lIarini i z o h l a b b e -
rishga q o d i r e m as. M a 'l u m k i , e m o t s i y a l a r n i n g „ i n s o n i y -
la sh u v i“ hissiyotlar i c h id a n kec h ish m a z m u n i v a sifatlari
j i h a t i d a n h a y v o n i a r n i k i b i l a n q i y o s l a n g a n d a r a n g -
b a r a n g l i g i , m u r a k k a b l i g i b i l a n s h a x s n i k i u s t u v o r d i r .
I n s o n l a r n i n g m e h n a t , m a ’n a v iy a t, s i y o s a t , o i l a , is h la b
c h iq a rish bilan o ‘z a ro m u n o s a b a t l a r i, s h u n i n g d e k , ta b ia t
b ila n o d a m l a r o ra sid a g i, s h u n in g d e k , s h a x s l a r a r o m u n o -
sa b a tla r b ir q a t o r in so n iy h is siy o tla rn in g v a u l a r n i ifo d a -
lash, ta tb iq etish v o s italarin i v u ju d g a k e ltira d i. S h a x s yuz
ifo d a la ri, b o s h in i t e b r a t i s h , x o ‘rsin ish o r q a l i o ‘z g a la rg a
h a m d a r d l i k t u y g ‘u s i n i b i l d i r a d i . M a z k u r e m o t s i y a l a r
b o la la rg a o d o b b ila n j a v o b b e r is h n i, s u h b a t d o s h i g a iliq,
s a m im iy j i lm a y is h n i, q ariy a va n o g iro n la rg a h u r m a t b ila n
j o y b o ‘sh atish n i, k ic h k in to y la rg a m e h r i b o n l i k n i s h a k l l a n -
tirishi lozim . S h ax s o ‘z h i s - t u y g ‘u larini o ‘zi b o s h q a r a d i ,
u la rn i m c ’y oriy hujjatlar, ijtim o iy t u r m u s h q o i d a l a r i , e t n i k
r a s m - r u s u m la r , o d a t l a r , a n ’a n a la r, p r o t s e s s u a l q o n u n l a r
n u q ta y i n a z a r id a n g o h m a ’q u llaydi, g o h q o r a l a y d i . S h u
b ila n birga, in s o n la r ichki k u ch li va j o ‘s h q i n e m o t s i y a l a r n i
k e c h i r s a l a r - d a , t a s h q i x o t i r j a m l i k n i s a q l a y b i l a d i l a r .
U la r n in g b a'zila ri o ‘z hissiyotlarini b crk itish u c h u n o ‘zlari-
ni a ta y in xotirjam t u t a d i la r , a m m o salbiy e m o t s i y a l a r n i
ifodalashga intiladilar. S h ax s o ‘zining m i m i k a v a p a n t o m i -
m ikalarini b o sh q arish im k o n iy a tig a ega. ïek in o rg a n la rid a g i
tabiiy o ‘zgarishlarni ushlab t u r a olmasliklari m u m k i n . M a s a -
lan, nafas olish, q o n a y la n is h , o v q a t h a z m q ilis h , k o ‘z
yosh larin i u sh lab tu ris h , r a n g n in g o ‘zgarishi v a h o k a z o .
E m o ts iy a la rn in g ifo d ala n ish i quyid ag i t a r z d a k ec h is h i
m u m k in : 1) ifodali h a r a k a t l a r (m i m ik a v a p a n t o m i m i k a l a r ) ;
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2) o r g a n i z m d a g i turli h o d i s a l a r (ich k i a ’z o l a r faoliyati va
h o l a t i n i n g
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‘z g a rish i); 3 ) g u m o r a l x u s u siy a td a g i o 'z g a -
r i s h l a r ( o r g a n i z m n i n g q o n t a r k i b i d a g i , s u y u q l i k d a g i
k i m y o v iy o ‘zgarishlar, m o d d a alm a s h is h va h o k a z o ). E m o -
t s iy a la r n i n g tash q i ifodasi q u y id ag ilard a k o lrinishi m u m k in :
m i m i k a , i m o - i s h o r a , v a j o h a t , q a d d i - q o m a t o ‘z g a ris h i,
t a s h q i sek re tsiy a bezlari faoliyati (y o sh , s o ‘lak, t e r ajra-
lishi), x a t t i - h a r a k a t l a r (tezligi, k u c h i, y o 'n a lis h i, m u v o -
f ï q l a s h u v i ) , n u t q n i n g x u su s iy a tla ri va b o s h q a l a r . E m o -
t s i y a l a r , h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r m a z m u n i , sifati, shakli j i h a t i d a n
e tn o p s ix o lo g ik xususiyatiga ega.
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