Nutq so`zlanib turayotgan paytda davom etib turgan ish harakatni ifodalaydi

Present Continouse

Nutq so`zlanib turayotgan paytda davom etib turgan ish harakatni ifodalaydi:

Please don’t make so much noise. I’m working. Iltimos, bunaqa ko’p shovqin solmang. Men ishlayabman.

Hozirgi zamondagi ma’lum vaqt oralig’ida sodir bo’layotgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi:

Today/this week/this evening … kalit so’zlari bilan

Is Surayyo working this week? No, she’s on holiday. Surayyo bu hafta ishlayaptimi? Yo’q u tatilda.

Hozirgi paytda bo’layotgan o’zgarishlarni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi:

The population of the world is rising very fast. Dunyo aholisi tez o’sib bormoqda

Is your English getting better? Ingliz tiling yaxshilanyaptimi?

Vaqtinchalik holat uchun ishlatiladi:

I’m living with some friends until I find a flat. Birorta xonadon topgunimcha ba’zi do’stlarim bilan yashab turibman.

Past Simple

Hozirgi zamonda doimiy takrorlanib turadigan ish harakatlarni ifodalaydi.

3-shaxs birlikda asosiy fe’lga s, es qo’shiladi.

Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Hamshiralar kasalxonadagi bemorlarga qarashadi

I’m from Canada. Where do you come from? Men Kanadadanman. Siz qayerdan(kelgan)siz.

What does this word mean? Bu so’z nimani anglatadi?

Og’zaki ish-harakatni ifodalaydigan fe’llar Present Simple da ishlatiladi: I promise… / I apologise… / I suggest… / I advise… / I insist… / I agree… / I refuse… :

I promise I won’t be late. Kech qolmayman deb va’da beraman.

What do you suggest I do? “ I suggest you … “ menga nima qilishni taklif qilasiz? “Sizga …. taklif qilaman”

“ I always do “ va “ I am always doing “

Odatda “ I always do “ – “ Men doim bajaraman “ deb tarjima qilinadi:

I always go to work by car --- Men doim ishga mashinada boraman.

“ I am always doing “ tarzidagi ibora ham ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin bunda mazmun boshqacha bo’ladi

“ I am always doing “ mubolag’a, bo’rttirish, kinoya ma’nolarini anglatadi, o’zbekchaga “ Men doim / nuqul / hadeb / qachon qarasa biron ish qilib yuraman / qilganim qilgan “ deya tarjima qilish mumkin:

You’re always watching television. You should do something more active. Sen qachon qarasa, televizor ko’rayotgan bo’lasan. Foydaliroq biron ish qilsang yaxshi bo’lardi.

Continouse zamonlarda asosan ish-harakat va voqea-hodisalarni ifodalovchi fe’llar ishlatiladi. ( they are eating / it is raining etc. ) Lekin his-tuyg’uni, aqliy faoliyatni ifodalovchi ba’zi fe’llar ( know / like etc) davomli zamonlarda ishlatilamaydi. Demak, I am knowing / They are liking deyish xatodir.

Quyidagi fe’llar odatda davomli zamonlarda ishlatilamaydi:

Like – yoqtirmoq

Love – sevmoq

Hate – nafratlanmoq, jirkanmoq

Want – xohlamoq

Need – muhtoj bo’lmoq

Prefer – afzal ko’rmoq, ma’qul ko’rmoq

Know – bilmoq

Realise – payqamoq, sezmoq

Suppose – taxmin qilmoq

Mean – nazarda tutmoq, (ma’no) anglatmoq

Understand – tushunmoq

Believe – ishonmoq

Remember – eslamoq, yodda tutmoq

Belong – qarashli bo’lmoq

Fit – mos kelmoq, sig’moq, loyiq kelmoq

Contain – iborat bo’lmoq

Consist – tashkil topmoq

Seem – o’xshamoq, tuyulmoq

I’m hungry. I want something to eat. Qornim och. U-bu narsa yeyishni hohlayman.

Do you understand what I mean? Nimani nazarda tutayotganimni tushunyapsanmi?

Present Perfect

Tugallangan hozirgi zamon.

Hozirgi zamon bilan uzviy bog’liq bo’ladi: o’tgan zamonda boshlanib, hozirgi zamonda tugallangan va natijasi malumishni ifodalaydi:

Where is your key? I don’t know. I’ve lost it. Kaliting qani? Bilmayman. Men uni yo’qotib qo’ydim.

Yangilik aytishda ishlatiladi.

Ow! I’ve cut my finger. Voy! Barmog’imni kesib oldim.

Persent Perfectda just – endigina, hozirgina / already – allaqachon / yet – hali ham ravishlarini shlatish mumkin.

Just:

Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch. Biror narsa yeyishni xohlaysizmi? Yo’q rahmat. Hozirgina tushlik qildim.

Already:

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? I’ve already posted it. Xatni jo’natish esingdan chiqmasin, xo’pmi? Men uni allaqachon jo’natib yuborganman.

Yet - Faqat so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi.

Has it stopped raining yet? Yomg’ir hali ham tinmadimi?

“ gone to “ va “ been to “ o’rtasidagi farq

Gone to - …-ga ketmoq / -ga ketib bo’lmoq (hali qaytmagan)

Been to - …-da bo’lmoq / -ga bormoq / borib kelmoq

Jalil is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain. Jalil ta’tilga chiqqan.U Ispaniyaga ketdi.

Selena is back home from holiday now. She has been to Italy. Selena hozir ta’tildan uyga qaytdi. U Italyaga borib keldi.

Present Perfect da quyidagicha payt ravishlaridan foydalaniladi.

Recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast etc.

Have you heard from Furqat recently? Oxirgi paytlarda Furqat haqida ishitdingmi?

Present Perfect Continuous ( I have been done)

Hozirgina tugallangan va hozirgi zamon bilan bog’liq, hozirga qadar davom etgan ish harakatni ifodalaydi.

You’re out of breath. Have you been running? Hansirayapsiz. Yugurayotganmidingiz?

Ish – harakat davom etgan vaqtni so’rash yoki ko’rsatish uchun how long …? For….., since…. Ishlatiladi

How long have you been learning English? Qachondan buyon ingliz tilini o’rganyapsiz?

When…? Va How long…? For va since

For – vaqt oralig’I ish harakatning qancha vaqt oralig’ida bo’lib o’tganligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

I’ve been waiting for two hours - Men ikki soatdan buyon kutyapman.

Since - boshlanish vaqti ish harakatning qaysi paytdan buyon sodir bo’lganligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi.

I’ve been waiting since eight o’clock. Soat sakkizdan buyon kutyapman.

Bo’lishli gaplarda for tushib qolishi ham mumkin, lekin ko’pincha inkor gaplarda bunday holat kuzatilmaydi:

They’ve been married (for) ten years. Ularning turmush qurishganiga 10 yil bo’ldi.

All olmoshi bilan yasalgan vaqtni ifodalovchi so’z birikmalari oldidan for ishlatilmaydi:

I’ve lived here all my life. Men butun umr shu yerda yashadim.

If bog’lovchisidan keyin albatta hozirgi zamon qo’llaniladi (if I do)

Hurry up! If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late Tez bo’l! (Agar) Shoshilmasak kech qolamiz.

Biror ish sodir bo’lishiga aniq ishonch hosil qilinganda when ishlatiladi:

I’m going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I’ll buy some food. Bugun tushda harid qilishga bormoqchiman. Xarid qilishga borganimada ozroq oziq-ovqat sotib olaman.

Biror ish sodir bo’lish ehtimoli bor holatlarda if ishlatiladi:

I might go to shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping. I’ll buy some food. Bugun kunduzi harid qilishga borishimiz mumkin. Agar harid qilishga borsam, ozroq oziq-ovqat sotib olaman.

So’zlovchi gapdagi ish harakatni aynan nazarda tutmay, uni mubolag’a uchun, po’pisa uchun aytganida could ishlatiladi:

I’m so angry with him. I could kill him. U shunaqa jahlimni chiqardi. Men uni o’ldirvoraman.

Had better

Had better iborasi biron ishni qilish kerakligini va agar qilmasa natija yomon bo’lishi mumkinligini ifodalaydi. O’zbek tiliga kerak/qilmasa bo’lmaydi/yomon bo’ladi deya tarjima qilinadi.

I have to meet Naima in ten minutes. I’d better go now or I’ll be late. Men 10 min dan keyin Naima bilan uchrashishim kerak. Hozir ketmasam bo’lmaydi, yo’qsa kech qolaman.

Had better bilan infinitive to yuklamasisiz ishlatiladi.

Passive

Majhul nisbatda ko’pincha ish-harakat bajaruvchisi ko’rsatilmaydi, yoki ko’rsatish muhim bo’lmasligi mumkin:

A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. O’g’rilikda ko’p pul o’g’irlandi.

Is this room cleaned every day? Bu xona har kuni tozalanadimi?

Ish harakat bajaruvchisini ko’rsatish uchun by ishlatiladi. O’zbek tiliga ko’pincha tomonidan kabi tarjima qilinadi.

This house was built by my grandfather. Bu uy bobom tomonidan qurilgan.

Fe’l (the verb)

Shaxs va narsaning harakati yoki holatini ifodalovchi so’zlar fe’l deyiladi.

1. 
   Fe’llar sodda, yasama va qo’shma bo’ladi:
   

1. 
   Sodda fe’llar tarkibida qo’shimcha yoki old qo’shimcha bo’lmaydi;
   
2. 
   Yasama fe’llarning qo’shimchasi yoki old qo’shimchasi bo’ladi: