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Verbs and verbal phrases
To define – Определять
To heat – В жару
To derive from – Выводить из
To reduce – Сокращать
To power – К власти
To harness – Для проводов
To transform – Для преобразования
To increase – Увеличивать
To remain – Оставаться
To generate – Для создания
To exhaust – На выпускной
To combine – Чтобы объединить
Adjectives
Relevant – Подходящий
Tidal – Приливной
Available – Доступный
Conventional – Обычный
Nuclear – Ядерный
Geothermal – Геотермальная
Harmful – Вредный
Adverbs
Per capita – На душу населения
Extremely – Чрезвычайно
Significantly – Существенно
Tremendously – Чрезвычайно
Exercise 6.
Energiya nima?
Energiya shaharlarga yoritadi, mashinalarni oziqlantiradi va fabrikalarda mashinalarni boshqaradi. U issiq va isitadi. Shu bilan uyda, O'sh oziq-ovqat tayyorlanadi, musiqa yangraydi, va bizga televizor korish imkonini beradi. Energiya bu ishni bajarish qobiliyatidir. Biz ishni bajarish va barcha harakatlarni amalga oshirish uchun energiyadan foydalanamiz. Biz ovqatlanadigan bo'lsak, tanamiz ishni bajarish uchun oziq-ovqatni energiyaga aylantiradi. Biz ishlayotgan paytda yoki yurganimizda, yoki boshqa biror narsa qilish uchun biz tanadagi energiyani "to'playmiz". Avtomobillar, mashinalar, aravalar, qayiqlar va mashinalar energiyani ishlashga aylantiradi. Ulardan foydalaniladii, shuning uchun energiyadan foydalanish bu nimanidir yuklash ortish yokida joylash degani. Koplab energiya manbalari borki ular yordamida koplab mashinalar odamlar tomonidan yaratilgan.
Olovning kashf qilinishi yogochlarni isitish vositasi sifatida foydalanish uchun yoqish imkonini berdi. . insoniyatning ming yillar davomida energiyaga bo'lgan ehtiyoji qondirildi. qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalari - quyosh, biomassa (yog'och, korniş, filiallar), Hyde! (suv) va shamol energiyasi foydalanish orqali. Eramizdan 4000-3500 yillar ilgari shamol energiyasidan foydalanadigan birinchi yelkenli kemalar va shamol tegirmonlari yaratildi. Suv tegirmonlari inigatsiya tizimlari yordamida hamma narsalarning tezligi bir muncga oshdi. Yog'och va go'ng kebi tabiiy manbalar bugungi kunda hamhindistondagi asosiy energiya manbai hisoblanadi! Hindiston. Quyosh energiyasidan ular faqat quritish va isitish uchun ishlatishadi.. Sanoat Inqilobi,osgani sari sanoat ham o'sishni boshladi. Bu inqilob ifodasi bilan boshlangan bosqichda sodir bo'ldi. 1850dan 1970 yillar oraligida aholi soni 3,2 martag akoproq o'sdi, aholi jon boshiga sanoat energiyasi iste'moli taxminan yigirma barobar oshdi va sanoatdan global foydalanish va an'ana birgalikda olingan energiya shakllari o'n ikki martadan ortiq oshdi! Yoqilg'ilarni ishlatish bilan bog'liq muammolar tufayli muqobil energiya manbalari zamonaviy dunyoda muhim va dolzarb bo'lib qoldi. Quyosh va shamol kabi manbalar hech qachon tugamaydi va shuning uchun ham ular yangilanadigan deb ataladi. Lekin oddiy emas energiya manbalari, ular emissiyaga sabab bo'ladi va mahalliy energy amanbayi sifatida mavjud. Ulardan foydalanish kimyoviy, radioaktiv va issiqlik ifloslanishini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Ular toza va hayotiy manbalardir taqlid qilishdir. Gaqrchi Energiya qayta tiklanadigan energiya turi bolsa ham, atrof-muhitni ifloslantirmaydi. Shu bilan birga, biomassa xonadagi asosiy ifloslantiruvchi moddadir. Qayta tiklanadigan energiya manbalaridan esa quyosh, shamol, suv, agrik sayohatlanuvchidir. Quyosh tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan energiya shunday deyiladi. Biomassa bu o'tin, jonivorlarning go'ngi, shuningdek, shaharlardan biologic chiqindilar va o'simlik qoldiqlari portlash sodir bo'lganda energiya manbai hisoblanadi
Exercise 7.
True
True
False
False
True
False
False
True
True
false
exercise 8.
1) Energy is defined as the ability or the capacity to do work.
2) Work means moving machinery also transform energy into work.
3) Тhe consumption of non-renewable sources of energy causes of energy had caused more environmental damage than any other human activity.
4) Such sources as the sun and wind, сап never be exhausted and are therefore called renewable.
5) Renewable energy sources include the sun, wind, water, agricultural residue, fuelwood, and animal dung.
6) 15% of the world's population in developed countries consume over half the energy used in the world.
Exercise 12
1-g
2- i
3-h
4-a
5-d
6-e
7-j
8-b
9-f
10-c
Exercise 13
1) to transform sth from sth;
2) due to the problem;
3) to be in tum;
4) in some respects;
5) to increase by demand;
6) to increase by 25%;
7) the demand for energy;
8) on average;
9) а result of development;
10) need for the day.
*The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
*In some respects we are very fortunate.
*The rate of inflation increased by 2 %.
*400 people a year die of this disease on average.
Exercise 14.
to transform ----transformation
to exploit ----exploitation
to consume ----consumption
to generate ----generation
to emit ----emition
. to discover ---- discovery
to move ---- movement
to define ----definition
to pollute ----pollution
to industrialize ----industry
to develop ---- development
to increase ---- increment
to concentrate ----concentration
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