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Synonyms: About – approximately, abstract – summary, to accomplish – to achieve, to admit – to confess
Antonyms: Young – elderly, hard – easy, wise – foolish, fat – slim
Homonyms: Address (v) – address (n), band (n) – band (v), match (n) -match (v), mean (adj) – mean (v)
Collocations: Completely satisfied, a surge of anger, lions roar, commit suicide.
According to novelists, writers and translators it is crucial to closely pay attention while choosing word on the work whether it is informative text or novel, fairytale in order to give the right impression to the reader. When the words or phrases are proper to the situation, the expected result can be achieved. If we take fairytales as an example, we would consider that writers and translators are required to grab simple and not complicated words as the readers are children. On the other hand, when it comes to scientific or informative texts, authors prefer to use much more complex words or terms. For instance:
Think, tell me, where do you think they will put my shadow? A lovely tinkle like the sound of golden balls, answered him. It was fairy language. Tinker Bell said that the shadow was in the box. [J.M. Barrie, 2014:15 ]
Geometry sets out from certain conceptions such as “plane”, “point” and “straight line” with which we are able to associate more or less definite ideas and from certain propositions (axioms) which in virtue of these ideas we are inclined to accept as true. [A.Einstein, 1924:5]
There are a lot of languages in the world and all of them has their own unique peculiarities. Moreover, it is evident that they vary significantly from each other by how they form sentences, tenses, grammatical structures: Good morning – xayrli tong; caution – ehtiyot bo’ling; don’t forget – unutmang yoki yodda tuting. If these phrases had been translated word by word the phrases would have changed their meaning. Translators and interpreters learn and analyze the source texts and its equivalent on target texts with curiosity or vice versa. While translators are rendering, they encounter new challenges and gain more experience, find out other meanings of the word. In situations like these translators are required to have much more responsibility, attention and concentration. As Douglas Robinson said that a translator thinks and talks about translation from inside the process, knowing how it’s done, possessing a practical real-world sense of the problems involved, some solutions to those problems, and the limitations on those solutions (the translater knows, for example, that no translation will ever be perfectly reliable guide to the original). A non-translator (especially a monolingual reader in the target language who directly or indirectly pays for the translation – a client, a book, buyer) thinks and talks about translation from outside the process, not knowing how it’s done but knowing, as Samuel Johnson once said of the non-carpenter, a well-made cabinet when he sees one. And there are some crucial initial steps before beginning translation: reading the text, retaining the meaning, choosing vocabulary, following the grammar, expressing the meaning, using natural wording. Translators often seek for suitable and impressive words while rendering from one language to another. The main thing that can be maintained in translated material is meaning as original text. It is true that a lot of grammatical or phrasal changes are made, however, what was the original text’s meaning or novel’s purpose of being written, that’s to say, originality of the text should be carried off professionally that this leads to expected result. And let us see and find out what kind of changes are made in the initial part of the translation of the novella “The Little Prince” by Antoine de Saint Exupery in three languages: Uzbek, English, Russian. He was one of the well-known writers in the world and his work “The Little Prince” (Le Petit Prince) has been translated into 300 languages.
Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called “True stories” from Nature, about the primeval forest.
Olti yashar paytimda osuda osmonlar haqida hikoya qiluvchi “Bo’lgan voqealar” degan kitobda g’alati bir suratga ko’zim tushib qoldi.
Когда мне было шесть лет, в книге под названием «Правдивые истории», где рассказывалось про девственные леса, я увидел однажды удивительную картинку.
In these sentences “called “True stories” from Nature, about the primeval forest” was translated like “под названием «Правдивые истории» где рассказывалось про девственные леса” in Russian version whilst in uzbek version this part was not turned. In Russian relative clause was also used. Both in Russian and English predicates usually come after the subject but in uzbek grammar predicates come at the end of a sentence.
I pondered deeply, then, over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil I succeded in making my first drawing.
Men junglidagi sarguzashtlarga to’la hayot haqida uzoq hayol surdim, so’ng rangli qalam bilan umrimda birinchi marta rasm chizdim.
Я много раздумывал о полной приключений жизни джунглей и тоже нарисовал цветным карандашом свою первую картинку.
In Uzbek version the translator didn’t render all words one by one but focused on the overall meaning which ended up successfully. The same happens in Russian too.
To conclude we may realize that all sentences kept their originality even though there have been considerable changes in the sentence structure, word choice, and the grammar. One of the most important parts of the rendering texts, novels and etc., is to make up understandable and/or emotive sentence by using alternative types of translating methods.
Literature
Albert Einstein. Relativity : the special and general theory. Methuen&Co Ltd. Revised edition, 1924. P 5.
Douglas Robinson. Becoming a translator. London and New York, 2003. P 20.
James Matthew Barrie. The adventures of Peter Pan. Mediasat Poland Bis, 2004. P 15.
Xayriddin Sultonov. Kichkina Shahzoda. G`afur G`ulom nomidagi adabiyot va san`at nashriyoti, 1988. 2 b.
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