Bu gaplarga e’tibor bersangiz ikkita qismdan tashkil topgan If qism va natija qism. Agarda if qismdagi
ish sodir bo’lsa, natijada natija qismdagi narsa sodir bo’ladi
Tasavvur qiling: Siz oshxonadasiz bitta qo’lingizda apelsin va stakan bor.
If you squeeze an orange, you get orange juice. Agarda apelsini siqsangiz, apelsin
sharbatini olasiz. (qachon sharbat olasiz qachonki if qismdagi ishni qisangiz siz sharbat
olasiz)
Bu misolni yana bir boshqa tomondan tushinishimiz mumkin. Agarda siz biror ishni qilsangiz, natijasi
bunaqa bo’ladi deb. Masalan: agarda siz ko’p o’qisangiz, o’qishga kirasiz.(ko’p o’qisangizgina o’qishga
kirasiz)
Biz if gaplarni turlarni qachon va qanday ishlatamiz?
Conditional sentence
type
Usage
If clause verb tense
Main clause verb tense
The Zero Conditional:
Odatlar, faktlar,
haqiqatlar
Simple present
Simple Present
The First Conditional:
Kelajakda sodir bo’lish
ehtimoli bor ish-
harkatlar uchun
Simple present
Subject will + verb
The Second Conditional:
hozir va kelasida sodir
bo’lish ehtimoli yo’q
gaplari
Past simple
Subject would + verb
The Third Conditional
“The third conditional”
gaplari o’tgan zamonda
sodir bo’lmagan
hayoliy
yoki imkonsiz ish-
harakatlarida,
pushaymonlik va tanqid
gaplarda ishlatiladi
Past perfect
Subject + would have
+P.P
The Zero conditional
:
Biz zero conditionalni odatlar, faktlar, va haqiqatlar uchun ishlatamiz.
Uzbekchda Agar______sa, ______di qolipiga to’gri keladi.
Ice melts if you heat it. – Agar siz qizdirsangiz, muz eriydi (fakt va umumiy haqiqat)
If I drink too much coffee, I can't sleep at night. - Agar men ko'p kofe ichsam, kechasi uxlay
olmayman.(odat agar ko’p ichib qo’ysam doim uxlolmiman)
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils – Agar suv 100 gradusda qizdirilsa, qaynaydi( umumiy
haqiqat bu inkor etib bo’maydi)
Xulosa: biz zero conditionalni Agar nimadir sodir bo’lsa, boshqa bir narsa sodir bo’lshini aytishda
ishlatamiz. Umumiy gapiriladi. Agar yomg’ir yo’gsa, o’tlar xo’l bo’ladi.
The First conditional
:
Biz first conditionalni kelasi zamonda sodir bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan narsalar
uchun ishlatamiz. Uzbekchada Agar_____sa,_____ adi. qolipidagi gaplarga to’g’ri keladi. Agar ko’p
o’qisa, o’qishga kiradi.
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Real Madrid will be top of the league if they win. – Agar Real Madrid yutsa, turnirda birinchi
o’ringa chiqadi.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.- Agar ertaga yomg’ir yog’masa, biz sohilga
boramiz.
The Second Conditional : Biz second conditionalni hozirgi va kelasi zamonda amalga oshmaydigan ish-
harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Bu gaplar aslida mavjud bo’lmaydi yoki bajarilmaydi siz tasavvur qilib
gapirasiz. Uzbekchada Agar____sa edi, di .qolipiga to’gri keladi. If I had a car, I would drive it to work –
Agar mashinam bo’lganda edi, hozir uni ishga haydab borardim (aslida hozir mashinam yo’q no real
tasavvur qilib gapiryabmiz).
If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
–
Agar ko’p pul
yutganimda edi, qishloqdan katta uy sotvolardim.( buyerda asl vaziyat puli yo’q va pul
yutishni orzu qilyabdi va tasavvur qilib gapiryabdi.)
I wouldn't worry if I were you.
– Agar men sen bo’lganimda, tashvishlanmasdim
edim(bu gap noreal vaziyatligini yaqol misoli sababi men siz bo’lolmiman shunchaki
tasavvur qilinib gapirilmoqda)
Xulosa: Bu gaplar noreal tasavvur qilib gapirilgan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.Siz If + past simple,
would + infinitive holda gap tuzasiz. Agarda ko’p pulim bo’lsa, uy sotvolardim desangiz demak sizda pul
yo’q siz tasavvur qilyabsiz.
The Third Conditional :
Bu gap o’tib ketgan, bajarilmagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Bunday
ish-harakatlarni takrorlash, ortga qaytarish yoki qaytarishning iloji bo’lmaydi. Bu gaplar asosan
pushaymonlik va tanqid ma’nolarni beradi. Agar_____ganimda edi, ______gan bo’lardi.
If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
–Agar ertaroq yotganimda edi, poyezga
ulgurgan bo’lar edim(asl vaziyatda u kech yotgan. Pushaymonlik ma’nosida gapirmoqda)
If you had studied harder
, you would have passed the exam. – Agar qattiqroq o’qiganingda edi,
imtixondan o’tardingiz.(aslida u qattiq o’qimagan va hozir tasavvur qilib o’tmish haqida achinib
gapirmoqda)
Mixed conditional : Bunda biror ish-harakat o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lganda, hozir bunaqa qilardim
degan ma’nodagi gaplarda ishlatiladi. Gap ikki qismdan tashkil topadi gapning birinchi qismi tepadagi
misolladek o’tgan zamonda biror ish-harakatni boshqacha bo’lshini tasavur qilib gapiriladi. Ikkichi qism
esa hozirgi zamoni bildiradi. Formuladi. If + past perfect, would + infitive. Uzbek tilida ;
Agar____ganimda edi, _______hozir gan bo’ladim
If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now. – Agar maktabda yaxshi o’qigimda,
hozir yaxshiroq ishda ishlardim(e’tibor bering ikkita second bilan third conditional aralashib ketgan shu
uchun mixed deyladi)
If we had looked at the map, we wouldn't be lost. – Xaritaga qaraganimizdaedi, adashmagan
bo’lardik(hozir adashib qoldik agar qaraganimizda edi deb tanqid qilib gapirmoqda. Buyerda ham
vaziyat noreal)
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Xulosa : Gaplarni tuzilish qoliplariga e’tibor bering va uzbek tilida nima demoqchilignigizni oldin bilvoling
siz noreal ya’ni tasavvurdagi gap tuzyabsizmi yoki real sodir bo’ladiganmi shunga qarab gap tuzing. Test
yechayotganda ham e’tiborli bo’ling testda qo’shimcha kalit so’z bo’ladi qaysi type dagi if gap
ekanligiga. Norealmi realmi biror gap bilan sizga bildiriladi testda vahima qimang tarjima qiling nima
deyabdi. Gap nima haqida boryabdi kimdir tasavvur qib gapiryabdimi yoki umumiy haqiqatlarnimi bilib
oling. Qoliplarga yaxshilab etibor bering: agar gap If went dedimi demak gapning ikkinchi qismi would
qatnashgan noreal gap bo’ladi will qatnashgan gap emas. Gaplarni qolipdagi Agar___sa, ____di
shunga o’xshash tarjimalarga qo’yib ko’ring. O’zim if gapdagi testga yechayotganimda birinchi
strukturaga qarayaman If…… qo’yish kerak bo’lsa. Men will va would bor javoblarni olib tashayman
sababi if bor qismda will bilan would ishlatilmaydi bu hech bo’masa bitta javobni chiqib ketshiga
yordam beradi. Agar gapda o’tgan zamon gapi bo’lsa Third conditionalno olaman sababi boshqa if
gaplarni turlari o’tgan zamon uchun ishlatilmaydi. Tips lari ko’p if gaplarni. Pastda if gaplarda siz
qiladgan xatolarni yozib o’tdim o’rganib chiqaslar. Bir yana vaqtim bo’lsa kengroq yoritib beraman.
Shoshib yozdim hoz shunga imloviy xatolar uchun uzr
Wish gaplar
Wish ishtirok etgan gaplarda so’zlovchi hozirgi holatning boshqacha bo’lishini xohlaydi. Shuning uchun
ham gapdagi “wish” so’zini “qani edi…” deb tarjima qilamiz. Bunday gaplarda berilgan mazmun
haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan bo’ladi, shuning uchun hozirgi va kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatlarni
ifodalash uchun o’tgan zamon ishlatiladi. Bu gaplar noreal gaplar hisoblanadi huddi If gaplarni 2 va 3
turidagi kabi. Va wish gaplar noreal gaplar bo’lganligi sababli bitta zamon pastga tushadi yani present
uchun past, past uchun past perfect zamon ishlatiladi. Endi bittalab ko’rib chiqamiz.
Rule 1 – Wish gaplar hozirgi, kelasi va o’tgan zamondagi sodir bo’lmayidgan, hayoliy yoki mavjuda
bo’lmagan vaziyatlar uchun ishlatiladi. Bu wish ifodalagan gaplar noreal yani haqiqiy vaziyat aytilgan
gapning esa teskari bo’ladi.
I wish I had today off – Qaniydi, bugun dam olsam ( asl vaziyatda u bugun ishlayabdi)
Rule 2 – Biz wishni biror narsa biz xohlaganimizdek emas ekanligidan afsuslanishni aytishda ishlatamiz.
I wish I knew Paul’s phone number – Qaniydi, men polning raqamini bilsam edi. (buyerda
gapiruvchi bilmaydi polni raqamini va bunga afsuslanyabdi, pushaymon bo’lyapti. Hammasi u
xohlagandek emas sababi u nomerni balsam edi deyabdi u bilishni hohlayabdi va bilmaganidan
pushaymonligini aytmoqda)
I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow, but unfortunately I do. – Qaniydi, ertaga ishlamasam edi,
lekin afsuski ishlashim kerak.
(buyerda ham gapiruvchi ertaga ishlashidan pushaymon bo’lyapti)
Hozirgi zamon. Wishni hozirgi zamon uchun ishlatsak biz wish + Past simple holida gap tuzamiz:Biz If
gaplarda I, she, he, it olmoshlarida uchun were ishlata olganimiz kabi I wish I were holida ham gap tuza
olasiz. Wish gaplarda ham siz he, she, it va I olmoshlari uchun were ishlatishingiz mumkin.
I wish Anna were here. – Qaniydi, Anna shuyerda bo’lsa
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Izoh
: Anna hozir buyerda emas shu sababli bu hayoliy tasavvurdagi noreal gap asl vaziyat u buyerda
emas. Shu uchun biz Anna were holida gap tuzyabmiz.
O’tgan zamon. Biz wish gaplarda hozirgi zamon uchun o’tgan zamon ishlatgandik. Endi o’tgan
zamonning o’zi o’tgan tugallangan zamon bilan ifodalanadi. Mana bu gapga e’tibor qarating:
I wish I had gone to the cinema yesterday – Qani edi, kecha kinoteatrga borganimda edi.
So’zlovchi kecha kinoga bormagan, endi hozir afsuslanib, kecha borganida yaxshi bo’lishini nazarda
tutib gapirayapti. O’tgan zamondagi ish-harakat (had gone) o’tgan tugallangan zamon bilan
ifodalangan.
Kelasi zamon. Wish ishtirokidagi noreal gaplarda kelasi zamonni ifodalash uchun “will” yordamchi
fe’lining o’tgan zamon shakli “would”dan foydalanamiz. E’tibor bering:
I wish I would go to London next year – Qani edi, kelasi yil men Londonga borganimda edi.
So’zlovchi bu gap bilan kelasi yil o’zining Londonga bora olishini imkonsiz, deb hisoblaydi. Noreal gap
bo’lganligi sababli kelasi zamondagi sodir etilishi ehtimoli bo’lmagan ish-harakat (would go) o’tgan
zamondagi kelasi zamon bilan ifodalanayapti.
Biz wish…..would qolipini biror narsa sodir bo’lishi yoki o’zgarishini xohlasak ishlatamiz. Asosan
hozirgi yoki kelasi zamondagi NOROZILIK, QARSHILIK va SHIKOYATga nisbatan ham ishlatilishi
mumkin.
I wish you would stop making so much noice – Qani edi siz ko’p shovqin qilmasangiz.
Men hozir yoki kelajakda (bundan keyin) sizning shovqin qilishingizga QARSHIMAN va shovqin
qilayotganligingizdan SHIKOYAT qilayapman.
Qachon would va qachon past simple ishlatilishi:
Agarda siz biror narsani siz xohlagandek emas ekanligini aytishda wish+ past simple ishlating. Hech
qachon would ishlatmang bunday gaplar uchun would biror narsani o’zgarishi norozilik, shikoyat uchun
ko’proq masalan:
I wish I had a car. – Qaniydi mashinam bo’lsa edi. (buyerda gapruvchi nimanudur sodir
bo’lshini yoki o’zgarishini, yoki shikoyat qilmayadi shunchaki hozirgi vaziyat u xohlagandek
emas ekanligini u mashinasi bo’lshini xohlashini aytmoqda)
I wish somebody would buy me a car – Qaniydi kimdr menga mashina sotvolishini xohlardim
I wish Sarah would come – Qaniydi, Sarah kelsaydi (buyerda Sarah kelshini xohlayabdi)
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If clause
Result Clause
Meaning
If the weather changes suddenly,
Agar ob-havo to'satdan o'zgarsa
,
I get a headache.
boshim og'riydi
.
Buyerda umumiy fakt haqida
gapirmoq
If it snows a lot tonight
Agar bugun kechqurun yomg'ir
yog'sa,
they will call off school tomorrow
Ular maktabni qoldirshadi
Kelasida sodir bo’ladigan narsalar
uchun tahmin qilinyabdi
If you have time,
Agar vaqtingiz bo'lsa,
you should visit the local museum
mahalliy muzeyga tashrif
buyurishingiz kerak
Maslahat ma’nosida
Ba’zan Result clauseda should kelib
xavfdan ogohlantirish uchun
ishlatidi.
If it rains,
Agarda yom’gir yog’sa
don't open the windows
derazlarni ochmang
Yo’l yo’riq ko’rsatish ma’nosida
If he had time,
Agarda uni vaqti bo’lganda
he could take a long vacation
U uzoq ta’til olishi mumkin edi
Noreal vaziyat: Asl vaziyatda uni
vaqti yo’q
If I were you,
Agar men siz bo’ganimda
I would plan the picnic for Sunday
Men yakshanbaga piknik
rejalashtiradim
Noreal va imkonsiz vaziyat hozirgi
zamonda: Men siz emasman va siz
bo’lolmayman bu imkonsiz
If we had saved
Agarda biz pullarni saqlaganimzda
edi.
we could have taken a longer
vacation
uzunroq tatil olaolardik
Biz pulni saqlamadik va biz uzunroq
tatil olmaymiz
If you had been on time,
Agar siz o'z vaqtida bo'lganingizda,
we would not have missed the
plane
biz samolyotni o’tkazib yubormasdik
Biz vaqtida tayyor bo’lmadik shu
uchun biz samalyotni o’tqazib
yubordik
If it hadn't rained so hard,
Agarda yomg’ir yog’maganda
it would have been a perfect day
Ajoyib kun bo’lar edi
Juda ko’p yomg’ir yo’gdi va rasvo
kun bo’ldi
If I were free,.
Agar men bo’sh bo’lganimda
I would be watching the movie
Bu filmni tomosha qilayotgan
bo’lardim
Noreal vaziyat: Aslda men bandman
If you had been waiting where we
agreed to meet,
Agarda kelishilgan yerda
kutayotgan bo’lganingizda edi
we could be enjoying a great meal
right now
hozir ajoyib taomdan bahraman
bo’layotgan bo’lardik
Noreal vaziyat: vaziyat o’tgan
zamonda natijasi hozirda. O’tgan
zamonda kutmagan va natijasida
hozir boshqacha vaziyat
Wish
Meaning
I wish that I had today off – Qaniydi bugun dam olsaydim
Ammo men bugun ishlayabman
They wish that they hadn’t spent $500. – Ular 500$ sarflamagan
bo’lishlarini xohlashadi
Afsuski ular 500 dollor sarflashdi
I wish you wouldn’t keep interrupting me. – Qani edi, siz menga xalatiq
bermasangiz
Afsuski u xalaqit beryabdi.
Gapiruvchi shikoyat qilyabdi
English Story and Quotes Kanali(@InglizEnglish)
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If va Wish gaplarda qilinadigan xatolar
If clause uzbek tilida shart ergash gaplar deyiladi sababi if bilan boshlangan gaplarda shart bo’ladi
agar biri ish-harakat sodir bo’lsagina ikkinchisi sodir bo’ladi. Masalan : If you study more, your
English will get better. – Agarda sen ko’proq o’qisang, Ingliz tiling yaxshilanadi (buyerda ham agarda
ko’proq o’qisa ingliz tilisi yaxshilanadi bo’lmasa yaxshilanmaydi. Agar if qismidagi ish-harakat sodir
bo’masa ikkinchi tomondagi gap ham sodir bo’lmaydi shu sababli bu gaplar shart ergash gaplar deyladi)
1.
“ Zero conditional “da kelasi zamonni ishlatish xato
Wrong
:
If you boil water, it will turn into gas.
Right
:
If you boil water, it turns into gas.
Zero conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi oddiy zamondagi gap , hozirgi oddiy zamondagi gap.(If I do, I do)
Biz zero conditionalni umimiy sodir bo’ladigan narsalar uchun ishlatamiz.
Masalan , agarda suvni qaynatsa, u gazga aylanadi. Muzga issiq tasir qilsa, muz eriydi. Shunga o’xshash doimiy
narsalar uchun ishlatiladi
2.
“The first conditional” da if qatnashgan qismda will ishlatish xato
Wrong
:
If I will see Peter, I’ll ask him.
Right
:
If I see Peter, I’ll ask him.
Tepada ham qoidalarda aytgandik if dan keyin will kelmaydi.
The first conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi zamondagi gap, kelasi zamondagi gap. (If I do, I will do)
Hozirgi zamonda yoki kelajakda bo’lish ehtimoli yuqori bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi.
Masalan:
If the weather is fine, we’ll go to the park. - Agar havo yaxshi bo`lsa, parkka boramiz.
3.
“The second conditional” da ya’ni no real ish-harakatlar uchun o’tgan zamon o’rniga hozirgi
zamoni qo’lash va If bor qismda will va would qo’yish xato
Wrong
: I am very poor, If I have a lot of money, I will buy a house in Jeneva.
Right
:
I am very poor.
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house in Jeneva
.
Bunday gaplar hozirgi zamon yoki kelajakda sodir bo’lish ehtimoli yo’q bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda
ishlatiladi. O’z nomi bilan no real haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan gaplar biz shunchaki tasavur qilib
gapiramiz
The second conditional formulasi: If + past simple, + would/could/might+verb (infinitive)
If I were you I would tell all the truth – Agarda o’rningda bo’lganimda(men sen bo’lganimda) , men hamma
haqiqatni aytardim( lekin bu ish no real sababi men sizni o’rnizda bo’lolmayman)
Wrong
: If I would have more time, I would take up golf.
Right
: If I had more time, I would take up golf.
English Story and Quotes Kanali(@InglizEnglish)
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Muxim ikki qoida if gaplarda if dan keyin will/would kelmaydi, no real ishlarda hozirgi zamon uchun
o’tgan zamon shakllari ishlatiladi. Agar siz gapiryotgan gapiz haqiqatga to’gri kelmasa, tasavvur qilib
gapirsangiz, siz shu the second conditional formulasidek gaplarni tuzing
4.
“The third conditional” Past Perfect o’rniga Past simple ishlatish va if bor qismda would have
P.P ishlatish xato
Wrong
: If you would have studied more, your English would have improved.
Right
: If you had studied more, your English would have improved.
“The third conditional”
gaplari o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lmagan hayoliy yoki imkonsiz ish-
harakatlarida, pushaymonlik va tanqid gaplarda ishlatiladi.
The third conditional formulasi
If + past perfect, + would/could/might + have + verb 3
If we had arrived at the theatre earlier, we would have found a seat. – Agarda biz teatrga ertaroq
kelganimizda edi, biz o’rindiq topgan bo’lar edik(lekin biz erta kelmaganmiz va bo’sh o’rinlar qolmagan)
Wrong
: If you would have studied more, your English would have improved.
Right
: If you had studied more, your English would have improved.
5.
Wish gaplarda I would wish to infinitive va I wish I would shaklida gap tuzish xato
Wrong
: I would wish to know more English
Right
: I wish(that) I knew more English
Wrong
: I wish I would know more english
Right
: I wish(that) I knew more English
Wish gaplarning formulasi: wish + past simple. O’zbek tilida “qani edi” so’ziga to’g’ri keladi.
Pastdagi misollarni gap tuzilishiga Eslatma
I wish I were in London now – Qani edi, hozir Londonda bo’lganimda edi.
I wish I had gone to the cinema yesterday – Qani edi, kecha kinoteatrga borganimda edi.
Muallif
: Nomozov Boysoat
Kanalimiz
: English Story and Quotes
Kanalimiz useri : @InglizEnglish
Bu kitob shunchaki namuna kitobning to’liq variantini olish uchun biz bilan bog’laning
Tel : 99 995 6246
90 991 03 95
Telegram : @amor0395
English Story and Quotes Kanali(@InglizEnglish)
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Document Outline
2. “The first conditional” da if qatnashgan qismda will ishlatish xato
Tepada ham qoidalarda aytgandik if dan keyin will kelmaydi.
The first conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi zamondagi gap, kelasi zamondagi gap. (If I do, I will do)
Hozirgi zamonda yoki kelajakda bo’lish ehtimoli yuqori bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi.
Masalan: If the weather is fine, we’ll go to the park. - Agar havo yaxshi bo`lsa, parkka boramiz.
3. “The second conditional” da ya’ni no real ish-harakatlar uchun o’tgan zamon o’rniga hozirgi zamoni qo’lash va If bor qismda will va would qo’yish xato
Bunday gaplar hozirgi zamon yoki kelajakda sodir bo’lish ehtimoli yo’q bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi. O’z nomi bilan no real haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan gaplar biz shunchaki tasavur qilib gapiramiz
The second conditional formulasi: If + past simple, + would/could/might+verb (infinitive)
If I were you I would tell all the truth – Agarda o’rningda bo’lganimda(men sen bo’lganimda) , men hamma haqiqatni aytardim( lekin bu ish no real sababi men sizni o’rnizda bo’lolmayman)
4. “The third conditional” Past Perfect o’rniga Past simple ishlatish va if bor qismda would have P.P ishlatish xato
“The third conditional” gaplari o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lmagan hayoliy yoki imkonsiz ish-harakatlarida, pushaymonlik va tanqid gaplarda ishlatiladi.
The third conditional formulasi If + past perfect, + would/could/might + have + verb 3
If we had arrived at the theatre earlier, we would have found a seat. – Agarda biz teatrga ertaroq kelganimizda edi, biz o’rindiq topgan bo’lar edik(lekin biz erta kelmaganmiz va bo’sh o’rinlar qolmagan)
5. Wish gaplarda I would wish to infinitive va I wish I would shaklida gap tuzish xato