Newsademic British English edition 260



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26th November 2015 
N e w s a d e m ic .co m ™
 - British English edition 
page 
6
During the Devonian there was far 
more carbon dioxide (CO2) in the at­
mosphere. Scientists believe it was 
about 15 times today’s levels. Like 
plants, trees take in, or absorb, CO2 
from the air. By a process called 
photosynthesis, they use sunlight 
to turn CO2 and water into starches 
and sugars. This is how trees grow, 
or build up their tissues.
In the Devonian the Earth was 
much warmer. This was probably 
because o f the extra CO2 in the at­
mosphere. Scientists suspect that 
trees, like those growing in the Sval­
bard forest, changed the climate. 
After these trees and forests began 
to expand, more and more CO2 was 
taken out o f the air. This contin­
ued over hundreds o f thousands of 
years. The Earth started to cool. By 
the end o f the Devonian, the amount 
o f CO2 in the atmosphere was about 
the same as it is today. □
A
r g e n t in a
'
s
 
n e w
 
p r e s id e n t
An election for the president o f Ar­
gentina took place on 22nd N ovem­
ber. The following day the coun­
try ’s electoral commission, or the 
organisation in charge o f the vote 
counting, announced the results. It 
declared that, with just over 51.4% 
o f the votes, Mauricio Macri was 
the winner.
Argentina is the second-largest 
country in South America. (Brazil is 
the biggest.) For many years this part 
o f South America was controlled by 
Spain. Independence from Spain 
was declared in 1816. In the late 
1800s thousands o f people from Eu­
ropean countries went to live in Ar­
gentina. M ost travelled from Spain 
and Italy. Today, Argentina is home 
to 43 million people. The county’s 
official language is Spanish.
Argentina is well known for its 
productive farmland. It is one o f the 
biggest growers o f wheat and maize 
in the world. The country also has 
large herds o f beef cattle. Much of 
the food that Argentina produces is 
sold, or exported, to other countries. 
In recent years many farmers have 
decided to grow soya beans. Now, the 
country is one o f the world’s biggest 
soya producers. M ost is exported to 
China where soya is very popular.
M auricio Macri, A rg e n tin a ’s n ew p re sident
Even though Argentina exports 
large amounts o f food, the country 
still has financial problems. In the 
past, governments have borrowed 
large amounts o f money from for­
eign banks and financial organisa­
tions. There have been times when 
Argentina has defaulted on its debts. 
This means that it has been unable 
to repay the money. Today, inflation 
in Argentina is believed to be about 
20%. Inflation is when a currency 
loses value and the cost o f most 
things goes up.
M r M acri’s victory brings an 
end to 12 years o f the ‘de Kirch- 
n er’ presidency. Elections for Ar­
gentina’s president are held every 
four years. Christina Fernandez de 
Kirchner won the 2007 and 2011 
elections. Before 2007 her husband, 
Nestor Kirchner, was the country’s 
president. He died o f a heart attack 
in 2010, aged 60.
Ms Fernandez de Kirchner was 
not allowed to stand again. This is 
because presidents in Argentina can
serve for only two successive four- 
year terms. She and members o f her 
political party wanted Daniel Scioli 
to win. He was Argentina’s vice pres­
ident when Ms Fernandez de Kirch- 
ner’s husband led the country. Since 
then, M r Scioli has been the gover­
nor o f Buenos Aires Province. Ar­
gentina is divided into 23 provinces. 
The Province o f Buenos Aires is the 
largest. It includes the city of Buenos 
Aires, which is Argentina’s capital.
The election on 22nd November 
was a run-off. Argentina has a rule 
that says a person must get over 45% 
o f the votes, or be ten percent in front 
o f their nearest rival, to win a presi­
dential election. If this does not hap­
pen, a second round, or run-off, must 
be held. Then, the two candidates 
who got the highest number of votes 
take part in this second election.
The first election was held on 
25th October. M r Scioli got 36.7% 
o f the votes and M r Macri 34.5%. 
The third-placed candidate got 
21%. So a second round had to be 
arranged. This was Argentina’s first 
ever run-off election. M r Scioli said 
that he would govern the country 
in the same way as Ms Fernandez 
de Kirchner. M r Macri declared 
that he would change many of 
her policies. News reporters de­
scribed M r Macri as the ‘business- 
friendly candidate’.
As M r Scioli won the first round, 
many people were surprised by the 
final result. M r Macri will officially 
take over from Cristina Fernandez 
de Kirchner on 10th December. □
P

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