New words in the English language in the last two hundred years have been appearing as a result of

i turns into io before r, l; p, b, f, m (hira → hiora “of them”)

e) mutation

221. 
     Diphthongisation of vowels before back vowel
     

e) back (velar)

222. 
     Pronunciation with a hissing sound, making sibilant
     

d) assibilation

223. 
     The act of improvement of the meaning: dizzy (meant 'foolish' in OE), French borrowing nice ('foolish', 'stupid') acquired new meanings (flamboyant, rare, modest, elegant) in the 15th century
     

a) Amelioration

224. 
     Alteration of the root vowel during the declension: mann, fót, tóþ, hnutu, bóc - menn, fét, téþ, hnyte, béc
     

b) Ablaut

225. 
     The ___________, produced in 1989, explains the meanings of 615,100 words. It includes more scientific words and words from North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Caribbean, India and Pakistan.
     

b) second OED

226. 
     English became the official language of legal proceedings; dialectal differences are still perceptible; the period is also characterized by increase in English writing, more common in legal documents than French or Latin by 15th century
     

d) 1362

227. 
     English completely replaced French at home, in education and government; Latin is still in use as the language of written communication;
     

c) 15^th century

228. 
     Late in the Middle English period, with the introduction of printing into England in 1475 and adoption by the printing industry (centered in London) of a standard in orthography and usage, ____________________________________.
     

d) there appeared the first inklings of modern Standard English

229. 
     Modern Standard English is strongly influenced by the dialect spoken in London and the surrounding counties in _____________.
     

b) 1350-1450

230. 
     It is the language of Geoffrey Chaucer who used the East Midland dialect, spoken in the Oxford, Cambridge and London triangle and used by government officials.
     

d) Modern Standard English

231. 
     England in the _______ became a bilingual country: Norman French is used as a prestige language; English - everyday folk language. French was the language of court, of law, of the literature of the period.
     

b) 1066

232. 
     The consonant shift known as ____________. According to his law, certain consonant sounds found in ancient Indo-European languages (such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit) underwent a change in the Germanic tongue. For example, the sounds p, d, t, and k in Latin correspond to f, t, th, and h respectively in English:
     

c) Grimm’s law