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2.2Marriage and Travels
In 1366 he married Philippa Roet, a court lady of the king’s wife Philippa of Hainaut and daughter of Sir Gilles, called “Paon de Roet”, who had come to England in the wake of the king’s wife. From 1367 Geoffrey Chaucer was listed as a member of the royal household, sometimes as valettus (valet), sometimes as esquier (squire), at least as a member of a group of about 40 men, which was to be of general use at court. He probably also studied at the Inns of Court, the London School of Law. From 1366 to 1370 he was sent abroad four times by royal order and travelled France, Flanders and probably also Italy.
His first literary achievement is probably his translation of the French Novel de la rose into Middle English. His first own poem is considered to be the Duchess’s Book, an eulogy for Blanche of Lancaster, who died in 1368. 1372-73 he travelled Genoa and Florence on a royal commission. On this journey at the latest he learned Italian, and probably also came into contact with the poems of Boccaccio [1] and Dante [2] for the first time, after whose model he later wrote the Canterbury Tales.
Chaucer wrote in continental accentual-syllabic meter, a style which had developed since around the twelfth century as an alternative to the alliterative Anglo-Saxon metre. Chaucer is known for metrical innovation, inventing the rhyme royal, and he was one of the first English poets to use the five-stress line, a decasyllabic cousin to the iambic pentameter, in his work, with only a few anonymous short works using it before him. The arrangement of these five-stress lines into rhyming couplets, first seen in his The Legend of Good Women, was used in much of his later work and became one of the standard poetic forms in English. His early influence as a satirist is also important, with the common humorous device, the funny accent of a regional dialect, apparently making its first appearance in The Reeve's Tale.