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Charlotte Brontë 
(21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, best 
known for the novel Jane Eyre which she wrote under the pen name Currer Bell. In May 1846, 
Charlotte and her sisters Emily and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed 
names of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Although only two copies were sold, the sisters continued 
writing for publication and began their first novels. Charlotte used “Currer Bell” when she 
published her first two novels. Of this, Brontë later wrote:”… we did not like to declare ourselves 
women, because —without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not 
what is called ‘feminine’ – we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on 
with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes use for their chastisement the weapon of 
personality, and for their reward, a flattery, which is not true praise.” Jane Eyre is a literary classic 
which is sometimes regarded as an important early feminist (or proto-feminist) novel due to the title 
character’s personality. It is widely available in English. 
Emily Jane Brontë 
(30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet, 
best known for her novel Wuthering Heights. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. 
Although Wuthering Heights received mixed reviews when it first came out, and was often 
condemned for the vicious actions of some of the characters, it is now considered an English 
literary classic. In 1850, Charlotte edited and published Wuthering Heights as a stand-alone novel 
and under Emily’s real name. It is widely available in English. 
Mary Anne (Mary Ann, Marian) Evans
(22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880), better 
known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist and translator, and one of 
the leading writers of the Victorian era. She is the author of seven novels, including Adam Bede 
(1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Middlemarch (1871–72), and Daniel 

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Deronda (1876), most of them set in provincial England and well known for their realism and 
psychological insight. Evans set out a manifesto for herself in one of her essays, “Silly Novels by 
Lady Novelists” (1856), which criticized the trivial and ridiculous plots of contemporary fiction by 
women. The philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes met Evans in 1851, and by 1854 they had 
decided to live together. Lewes was married to Agnes Jervis, but they had agreed to have an open 
marriage; notably, it was not the fact that he had an affair but the fact that he was not ashamed of 
his “mistress” and his wife had agreed to the arrangement that so shocked Victorian society. It was 
not until 1877, when Lewes and Evans were introduced to Princess Louise, that they were fully 
accepted by society.