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the Augustan Age.
The term comes from the name given to the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus. During his 
reign, which lasted from 27 B.C. to 14 A.D. Latin literature reached its height with such great 
writers as Virgil, Horace, and Ovid. English authors tried to imitate or recapture many of the 
philosophic and literary ideals of this period of Roman history. Like the ancient Romans, they 
believed that life and literature should be guided by reason and common sense. They strove for 
balance and harmony in their writings. Augustan literature is sometimes divided into two periods, 
each named for its most influential man of letters - 
The Age of Pope,
and after 1750, 
the Age of 
Johnson
. Satire was one of the most common types of literature during the Augustan Age. The 
leading satirists of the period were Jonathan Swift in prose and Alexander Pope in poetry. 
Thus, on the whole, the English literature of the period of Enlightenment may be 
characterized by the following features: 
a) The rise of the political pamphlet and essay, but the leading genre of the Enlightenment 
became the novel. Poetry of the previous ages gave way to the prose age of the essayists and 
novelists. Poems were also created at this period, but the poets did not deal with strong human 
passions, they were more interested in the problems of everyday life, and discussed things in verse. 
b) The heroes of the literary works were no longer kings and princes, but the representatives 
of the middle class. 
c) Literature became instructive. The writers dealt with problems of good and evil. They tried 
to teach their readers what was good and what was bad from their own point of view.
Some literary critics divide the literature of the age of the Enlightenment into three periods: 


 The first period lasted from “The Glorious Revolution (1688) till the end of the 1730s. It is 
characterized by classicism in poetry. The greatest follower of the classic style was Alexander 
Pope. Alongside with this high style there appeared new prose literature, the essays of Steele and 
Addison and the first realistic novels written by Daniel Defoe and Jonathan Swift. Most of the 
writers of the time wrote political pamphlets. 
The second period of the Enlightenment was the most mature period. It embraces the forties 
and the fifties of the 18th century. The realistic social novel of the time was represented by Samuel 
Richardson, Henry Fielding and Tobias Smollett. 
The third period refers to the last decade of the 18th century. It is marked by the appearance of 
a new trend, sentimentalism, represented by the works of Oliver Goldsmith and Laurence Sterne. 
The realistic drama of the time was represented by Richard Brinsley Sheridan.

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