My summer holidays

Exercise 5. According to the text make up your own topic.
OUTSTANDING PEOPLE OF THE EAST

Uzbekistan is the ancient cradle of civilization. At the beginning of the first century A.D.(Anno Domini – eramizning) different written languages and rich literature on astronomy, history and philosophy already existed in Central Asia.

The great mathematician, astronomer and geographer Muhammad ibn Muso al-Khorazmiy was born in 783 in Khorezm. He wrote more than 20 scientific works which were devoted to algebra, arithmetics, geography and astronomy. Al-Khorazmiy was the founder of algebra. “Al-jabr” is the biggest work written by him are being kept in the museums of Kabul, Medina and Oxford University.

Ahmad al-Farghoniy was one of the greatest scientists in astronomy, mathematics and geography. He was born in Fergana Valley in the village of Kubo in 798. His written works “The Bases of Astronomy”, “The Book of Making Astrolabes”, “Al-Farghoniy’s Tables” and invention of “Nilometer” made him famous all over the world under the name of Alfraganus.

Abu Raykhon Beruniy was born in 973 in the city of Kot, the ancient capital of present Khorezm province. Abu Raykhon Beruniy left us great scientific heritage. About 154 scientific works on astronomy, mathematics, geography and history were created under his pen, among them “India”, “Famous People of Khorezm”, “Initial Concepts of Soothsaying Art”, “Relics from Ancestors”. Beruniy died in 1048 in Gazna. He had made a great contribution by his scientific and philosophic legacy to the world’s science and culture.

Amir Temur, a famous statesman and great military leader of the Uzbek people, was born on April 9, 1336 in the village of Khujailgor near Shahrisabz. In his early years he was interested in state affairs and military activities. He was strong and handsome. He was a courageous horseman and he knew military affairs very well. During one of the battles his leg and hand were injured. His hand soon fully recovered but his leg remained lame. In Europe he was called Tamerlane. His knowledge of geography, medicine, history and astronomy always astonished scholars.

Mirzo Ulugbek, the grandson of Amir Timur was born in March 1394 in Sultany, Iran. From his childhood he was interested in science, but he was mainly given military political training. At the age of 17 he was appointed the governor of Movarounnahr by his father Shakhrukh Mirzo. He built his own his own school of astronomy between 1417-1420 in Samarkand. By 1429 he had finished building his observatory. He wrote a number of scientific works which were widely spread in Turkey, India and some other European countries.

Alisher Navoi was a great poet, statesman and a founder of Uzbek literature. He was born in Heart on February 9, 1441. he got a very good education for those days. He knew all poetic forms. He supported poet, scientists and artists. He was a very good architector and designed many schools, hospitals, inns, bridges, roads and channels. His most important work is “Khamsa” (Quintuple), five poems written between 1483-1485. Alisher Navoi died on January 3, 1501. His works have entered the treasury of world literature and have been translated into many languages.

Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur was born on February 17, 1483 in Andijan. When he was 12 years old his father died. Because of a constant struggle between the princes of Temurids’ dynasty for the throne he had to leave his hometown and settled in Kabul. Later he had to go to India where he founded the dynasty of Boburids. He left us novels and poems such as “Boburnoma”, “Hatti Boburiy”, “Harb Ishi” and some gazels and rubais. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur died in 1530 in the city of Agra. Zahiriddin Muhammad Bobur was a great writer, scientist and a military leader who left unfading name in the culture and literature of the Medieval East.