My daily routine exercise Read and translate the textorally

DESCRIPTION OF YOUR HOME TOWN


Exercise 1. Read and translate the text orally

If Samarkand is known as a "Pearl of the East", Fergana is famous as a "Pearl of Uzbekistan".

Famous for its beautiful landscapes and ancient history, Fergana located in eastern Uzbekistan, on the southern edge of the Fergana Valley. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, and about 75 km west of Andijan.

Ferghana City is the administrative centre of Ferghana region. Its territory is 70 square km and the population is 230,000 people.

The Fergana region is located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley, bounded by Tyan-Shan Mountains along the Syrdarya River, the main water supplier of the region. Covering 6,800 sq.km (1.6 % of Uzbekistan's territory), Fergana region borders Kyrgyzstan to the east, Tajikistan to the south, and the Andijan and Namangan regions to the west. The region has an ethnically diverse population of 1.5 million, 10% of Uzbekistan's population.

Fergana has been the center of oil production in the Fergana Valley since the region's first oil refinery was built near the city in 1908. Since then, more refineries have been added, and Fergana is one of the most important centers of oil production and refining in Uzbekistan. Natural gas from western Uzbekistan is transported by pipeline to the valley, where it is used to produce fertilizer.

Thus, the Fergana region is one of the leader in the republic on oil extraction and processing, power generation, production of fertilizers, chemical fiber, marble, machine-building, construction materials limestone, gravel, sand sulfur, and ozekerit, cotton-ginning, silk-spinning and also production of grain, fruits, vegetables and many other agricultural products.

The Fergana Valley was the most important irrigated cotton growing region of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Cotton growing and processing has been the dominant economic activity here for centuries, supplied by water from small streams flowing from the surrounding mountains. 

The Great Fergana Canal, built almost entirely by hand during the 1930^s, passes through the northern part of the city.

The history of the city dates back to 1877. Fergana was founded as a garrison town by the Russians after they captured the khanate of Kokand. It was decided to build a new city 12 km from the old town of Marghilan. It was first named New Margelan, then renamed Skobelev in 1907 after the Russian in charge of the capture of Kokand. It has been called Fergana since 1924.

At present Ferghana is an important industrial centre of Uzbekistan. Regarding the capacity of production Ferghana stands on the second place in Uzbekistan after Tashkent. Rishtan is 50 km to the west of Ferghana City. Since ancient times Rishtan was famous for its ceramics. There are deposits of red clay, natural minerals and abundance of mountainous vegetation that is needed for painting process. Rishtan artisans became famous all over the world for their technology of ceramic production.

T A R J I M A :

Agar Samarqand "Sharq marvaridi" nomi bilan tanilgan bo'lsa, Farg'ona "O'zbekiston marvaridi" sifatida mashhurdir. O'zining go'zal manzaralari va qadimiy tarixi bilan mashhur bo'lgan Farg'ona O'zbekistonning sharqida, Farg'ona vodiysining janubiy chekkasida joylashgan. Farg'ona O'zbekiston poytaxti Toshkentdan taxminan 420 km sharqda va Andijondan taxminan 75 km g'arbda joylashgan. Farg'ona shahri - Farg'ona viloyatining ma'muriy markazi. Uning hududi 70 kvadrat km, aholisi 230 000 kishini tashkil qiladi. Farg'ona viloyati Farg'ona vodiysining janubiy qismida joylashgan bo'lib, viloyatning asosiy suv ta'minlovchisi Sirdaryo bo'ylab Tyan-Shan tog'lari bilan chegaralangan. 6800 kv.km (O'zbekiston hududining 1,6%) maydonini egallagan Farg'ona viloyati sharqda Qirg'iziston, janubda Tojikiston va g'arbda Andijon va Namangan viloyatlari bilan chegaradosh. Mintaqada etnik jihatdan turli xil aholisi 1,5 million kishini tashkil etadi, bu O'zbekiston aholisining 10 foizini tashkil etadi. Farg'ona 1908 yilda shaharga yaqin hududda birinchi neftni qayta ishlash zavodi qurilganidan buyon Farg'ona vodiysida neft qazib chiqarish markazi bo'lgan. O'shandan beri yana ko'plab zavodlar qo'shildi va Farg'ona neft qazib olish va qayta ishlashning eng muhim markazlaridan biri hisoblanadi. O'zbekiston. G'arbiy O'zbekistondan tabiiy gaz quvur orqali vodiyga etkaziladi, u erda o'g'it ishlab chiqarish uchun foydalaniladi. Shunday qilib, Farg'ona viloyati respublikada neft qazib olish va qayta ishlash, elektr energiyasini ishlab chiqarish, o'g'itlar, kimyoviy tola, marmar, mashinasozlik, qurilish materiallari ohaktosh, shag'al, qum oltingugurt va ozekerit, paxta tozalash bo'yicha ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha etakchi o'rinlardan birini egallaydi. ipak yigirish, shuningdek, don, meva, sabzavot va boshqa ko'plab qishloq xo'jalik mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarish.

Farg'ona vodiysi sobiq Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikalari (SSSR) ning eng muhim sug'oriladigan paxtachilik mintaqasi edi. Paxta etishtirish va qayta ishlash bu erda asrlar davomida atrofdagi tog'lardan oqib tushgan kichik ariqlardan suv bilan ta'minlanib turadigan iqtisodiy faoliyat bo'lib kelgan.

1930-yillarda deyarli butunlay qo'l bilan qurilgan Buyuk Farg'ona kanali shaharning shimoliy qismidan o'tadi.

Shaharning tarixi 1877 yildan boshlanadi. Farg'ona garnizon shaharchasi sifatida ruslar Qo'qon xonligini egallab olgandan keyin asos solgan. Eski shahar Marg'ilondan 12 km uzoqlikda yangi shahar qurishga qaror qilindi. Avvaliga Yangi Margelan deb nomlangan, so'ngra 1907 yilda Qo'qonni egallashga mas'ul bo'lgan rusning nomi bilan Skobelev deb o'zgartirilgan. 1924 yildan buyon Farg'ona deb nomlanadi.

Hozirgi kunda Farg'ona O'zbekistonning muhim sanoat markazidir. Ishlab chiqarish quvvati bo'yicha Farg'ona O'zbekistonda Toshkentdan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turadi. Rishton Farg'ona shahridan 50 km g'arbda. Qadimgi davrlardan beri Rishton o'zining keramika mahsulotlari bilan mashhur edi. Bo'yash uchun zarur bo'lgan qizil loy, tabiiy minerallar va tog'li o'simliklarning mo'l-ko'l konlari mavjud. Rishton hunarmandlari keramika ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasi bilan butun dunyoga mashhur bo'lishdi.

Comprehension check