My daily routine exercise Read and translate the textorally

THE BRAIN THE MOST POWERFUL COMPUTER IN THE UNIVERSE.


Exercise 1. Read and translate the text orally.
M an has a lot of learn about the most powerful and complex part of the body-the brain.

In the ancient times people did not think that the brain was the center of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient Greece, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18^th century when people realized tin that the brain was involved in the working of the mind.

During the 19^th century scientists found out that when certain parts of the brain were damaged men lost ability to do certain things. It indicated that each part of brain controlled a different activity. But modern research holds that it is not easy to say what each part of the brain does.

In the past 50 years chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought. E.g.**, over 100.000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. The more scientists know, the more questions they are unable to answer.

Earlier scientists thought that during lifetime the power of brain decreased. But present day researchers have another opinion. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.

Some people believe that we use only 1% of our brain full potential. But only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible. This might happen due to the way we are taught. When we first start learning we are told, for instance, to remember certain facts. Still, we are not explained how our memory works and how to make the best use of it.

Currently, many discoveries have been made about the universe – the outside world. And we must also look into the universe which is inside us – the human brain.

*The word “brain” may be termed as the organ inside our head that controls how we think, feel and move. This is a medical explanation of the world. Being used in plural (‘brains”) it is used to denote the ability to think clearly and learn quickly. Then the word denotes intelligence. Sometimes they call a very intelligent person “brain-box”.**for example.

T A R J I M A :

Inson tanadagi eng kuchli va murakkab qism - miya haqida juda ko'p ma'lumotlarga ega.

Qadimgi davrlarda odamlar miyani aqliy faoliyatning markazi deb o'ylamaganlar. Qadimgi Yunoniston faylasufi Aristotel aql qalbda joylashgan deb o'ylagan. Faqatgina 18-asrda odamlar qalayni anglaganlarida, miya aqlning ishlashida ishtirok etadilar.

XIX asr davomida olimlar miyaning ba'zi qismlari zararlanganda erkaklar ba'zi narsalarni qilish qobiliyatini yo'qotganligini aniqladilar. Bu miyaning har bir qismi turli xil faoliyatni boshqarishini ko'rsatdi. Ammo zamonaviy tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, miyaning har bir qismi nima qilishini aytish oson emas.

So'nggi 50 yil ichida kimyogarlar va biologlar miyaning ishlashi ular o'ylaganidan ancha murakkabroq ekanligini aniqladilar. Masalan, **, miyada har soniyada 100.000 dan ortiq kimyoviy reaktsiyalar sodir bo'ladi. Olimlar qancha ko'p bilsalar, shunchalik ko'p savollarga javob bera olmaydilar.

Avvalgi olimlar hayot davomida miyaning kuchi pasaygan deb o'ylashgan. Ammo hozirgi tadqiqotchilar yana bir fikrga ega. Miyaga juda ko'p mashq berilgan ekan, u o'z kuchini saqlab qoladi.

Ba'zi odamlar bizning miyamizning to'liq imkoniyatlaridan atigi 1% foydalanamiz, deb ishonishadi. Ammo miya kuchining chegarasi faqatgina biz mumkin deb o'ylagan narsaning chegarasidir. Bu bizni o'rgatish usuli tufayli sodir bo'lishi mumkin. O'rganishni boshlaganimizda, masalan, ba'zi faktlarni eslab qolishimiz kerak. Shunga qaramay, bizga xotiramiz qanday ishlashi va undan qanday qilib unumli foydalanish haqida tushuntirish berilmagan.

Ayni paytda koinot - tashqi dunyo haqida ko'plab kashfiyotlar qilingan. Shuningdek, biz ichimizdagi olamga - inson miyasiga qarashimiz kerak.

* "Miya" so'zi bizning boshimizdagi fikrlash, his qilish va harakatlanishni boshqaradigan organ deb atalishi mumkin. Bu dunyoni tibbiy tushuntirish. Ko'plikda ishlatilgan ("miyalar") bu aniq fikrlash va tez o'rganish qobiliyatini bildirish uchun ishlatiladi. Keyin bu so'z aql-zakovatni anglatadi. Ba'zan ular juda aqlli odamni "miya qutisi" deb atashadi. ** Masalan.