Мuzaffar Choriyev Мuхаmmаdi G‘opporov

Oddiy nisbatdagi gerund (Active Gerund) va majhul

nisbatdagi gerund (Passive Gerund)

Gerund hech kimga qrashli emas	Swimmimg is a good exercise.
(going I egaga qarashli).	I think of going to the south in the summer
(coming to‘ldiruvchi youga qarashli).	Thank you for coming
Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakati u qarashli bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyum tomonidan bajarilsa Activ Gerund ishlatiladi:	He likes inviting his friendsa to his house. I remember having shown her the letter. He entered the room without noticing her.
Gerund ifodalayotgan ish-harakati u qarashli bo‘lgan shaxs yoki buyum ustida sodir bo‘layotgan bo‘lsa Passive Gerund ishlatiladi:	He likes being invited by his friends. I remember having been shown the letter .He entered the room without being noticed.
Ba’zan to need, to want, to require kerak ma’nosida kelgan fe’llardan keyin va worth arziydigan sifatidan keyin Active Gerund Passive Gerund ma’nosida ishlatiladi:	My shoes need repairing (being repaired emas). This dress wants washing (being washed emas). These bags require drying (being dried emas). The book is worth reading (being read emas).

Simple va Perfect Gerund.
Quyidagi hollarda Simple Gerund ishlatiladi:

gapning kesimidagi ish-harakat bilan bir paytda sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun	I am surprised at hearing this. I was quite disappointed at not finding him there.
kelasi zamonga taaluqli bo‘lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun:	We intend shipping the goods in May. We think of going there in the summer.
vaqtdan qat’iy nazar:	Loading heavy weights requires great skill.

Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun Perfect Gerund ishlatiladi:	I don’t remember having seen him before. He mentioned having read it in the paper.
on (upon), after predloglaridan keyin gerund ifodalaydigan ish-harakati gapning kesimidagi is-harakatidan oldin sodir bo‘lgan bo‘lsa ham Simple Gerund ishlatiladi:	On receiving the answer of the firm we handed all the documents to our legal adviser After concluding the contract, the representative of the firm left London.
Gerunddagi ish-harakat kesimdagi ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo‘lganligini ta’kidlash zarurati bo‘lmaganda Perfect Gerund, emas Simple Gerund ishlatiladi:	I thank you for coming. (for having come emas). He apologized for leaving the door open (for having left emas).

Gerundning vazifalari

1. Gerund ko‘pincha predloglar bilan kelib gapda vositali to‘ldiruvchi, aniqlovchi va ot-kesim tarkibida keladi. Predloglar faqat otlar oldida ishlatilganligi sababli, har qanday predlogdan keyin fe’l otga yaqin bo‘lgan shakl – gerundga aylanadi.

2. Gerund predlogsiz ega, vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi, fe’l kesim va ot-kesim tarkibida kelishi mumkin.