Мuzaffar Choriyev Мuхаmmаdi G‘opporov

KO‘RSATISH OLMOSHLARI

(DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)
1. Ko‘rsatish olmoshlarining birlik va ko‘plik shakllari bor. Birlikda this- bu, shu, that- u, o‘sha, ko‘plikda these- bular, shular, those- ular, o‘sha. Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari olmosh-sifat va olmosh-ot bo‘lib keladi.

2. Ko‘rsatish olmosh-sifatlari otning ko‘rsatkichi bo‘lganligi uchun ulardan keyin kelgan ot oldida artikl ishlatilmaydi. Agar ko‘rsatish olmoshidan keyin kelgan otning boshqa aniqlovchsi bo‘lsa, ko‘rsatish olmoshi, boshqa ko‘rsatkichlarga o‘xshab, o‘sha aniqlovchidan oldinga qo‘yiladi:

He lives in that house.	U o‘sha uyda yashaydi.
He lives in that white house.	U o‘sha oq uyda yashaydi.

3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruvchining yaqinidagi buyumlarni, that va those uzoqroqdagi buyumlarni ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi:

This pencil is mine.	Bu qalam meniki.
That pencil is yours.	U qalam sizniki.
This young man is my brother.	Bu yigit mening akam.
Do you know that man?	U kishini taniysizmi?
These cigarettes are very good.	Bu sigaretlar juda yaxshi.
I like those flowers.	Menga u gullar yoqadi.

4. This country iborasi gapiruvchi joylashgan mamlakatni, ingliz gazetalarida Angliyani, amerika gazetalarida AQSHni, Gollandiyadan xabarda Gollandiyani ifodalaydi:

The exports of coal from this country decreased last year. (Ingliz gazetasidagi maqoladan)	O‘tgan yili Angliyadan ko‘mir eksport qilish kamaydi.
The imports of coal into this coun- try decreased last year. (Ingliz gaze tasidagi Gollandiyadan xabardan).	O‘tgan yili Gollandiyaga ko‘mir im- port qilish kamaydi.

Agar gapiruvchi oldin borgan, lekin hozir u yerdan chiqib ketgan mamlakat haqida gapirsa that country ishlatiladi:

I was in Bulgaria last year. I liked that country very much.

Men o‘tgan yili Bolgariyaga bordim. U mamlakat menga juda yoqdi.

5. Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda this hozirgi zamon uchun, that o‘tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi:

I am busy at this time.	Men hozir bandman.
It is only the beginning of May. You can’t bathe at this time of the year.	Hozir may oyining boshi. Yilning bu paytida cho‘milish mumkin emas.
My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer.	Mening akam shu yozda Kavkazga boradi.
I spent the summer of 1986 in the south.	Men 1986 yil yozini janubda o‘tkazdim.
We had a lot of rain that summer.	O‘sha yozda yomg‘ir ko‘p bo‘ldi.
At that moment the door opened and a man entered the room.	Shu payt eshik ochildi va xonaga bir kishi kirdi.
I’m going to call on him at five o’clock. I hope he will come home by that time.	Soat beshda men unikiga bormoq- chiman. Umid qilamanki, o‘sha vaqtgacha u uyiga keladi.

6. 
   This va that olmoshlaridan keyin ko‘pincha oldin ishlatilgan otni takrorlamaslik uchun one olmoshi ishlatiladi:
   

Will you give me another book? I don’t like this one.	Menga boshqa kitob bering. Bunisi menga yoqmadi.
This book is mine, and that one is yours.	Bu kitob meniki, unisi esa Sizniki.

6. 
   Ko‘rsatish olmosh – otlari ham olmosh – sifatlarga o‘xshab this va these yaqindagi buyumlar haqida, that va those uzoqroqdagi buyumlar haqida gapirilganda ishlatiladi:
   
7. 
   
   

This is my dictionary and that is yours.	Bu mening lug’atim, unisi sizniki.
These are my magazines, and those are yours.	Bular mening jurnallarim, ular esa sizniki.
Have you read this ?	Buni o‘qidingizmi?
I shall take these.	Men bularni olaman.

6. 
   Ko‘chirma gapdan oldin this ishlatiladi, keyin that ishlatiladi:
   

This is what she said: “ I don’t think he is right”.

Mana u nima dedi: “Menimcha u haq emas.”

Ammo: “I don’t think he is right.” That is what she said.

6. 
   Oldin ishlatilgan ot qayta ishlatilganda aniq artikl bilan ishlatish mumkin bo‘lgan joyda birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot o‘rnida that, ko‘plikdagi ot o’rnida those ishlatiladi:
   

The price of tin is higher than that of copper (that= the price).	Qalayning bahosi misnikidan balandroq.
At our factory there are a few machines similar to those discribed in this magazine (those = the machines).	Bizning fabrikamizda bu jurnalda tasvirlangan mashinalarga o‘xshash mashinalar kam.

6. 
   It ham ko‘rsatish olmoshi vazifasida keladi:
   

- Who is there? - Bu kim?

- It is Helen. – Bu Helen.

- What is this? - Bu nima?

- It is a dictionary. – Bu lug‘at.

6. 
   Such - shunday olmoshi ham ko‘rsatish olmosh – sifat va olmosh – ot bo‘lib keladi:
   

These are such interesting books.	Bular shunday qiziq kitoblar.
Such was the agreement between the two parties.	Ikki tomon o‘rtasidagi kelishuv shunday bo‘ldi.