II. Harakatni bildiruvchi leksik –semantikguruhga kiruvchi o`timsiz fe`llar: Bunday fe`llarga ingliz tilida: To do to return to travel To walk to move to cross To start to enter to visit To come to drive to appear To leave to work va boshqa o`timsiz fe`llar kiradi. Biz yig`gan faktik materiyallar ichida eng ko`p to do, to walk, to come fe`llari uchraydi.
O`zbek tilidagi harakatni bildiruvchi fe`llarga: bormoq, kelmoq, qaytmoq, ko`chmoq, suzmoq kabi fe`llar kiradi.
Example: 1) I want up the ladder (E.H.F p185)
2) We have to just walk here (E. H. F. p22)
3) We had come into the town (E.H.F. p5)
4) She returned to the street (T.Y.B. p25)
5) I walked on down a back street (E.H.F. p90)
6) The moved into the dining –room (K. mss p34)
7) English family had not arrived got. (Y. M as p2)
8) I swim in the river (B.Y.S. p194)
9) They entered the room (Y. M. as. P 21)
10) The magor stepped into a richly furnished-room (Y.M.as. p39)
Yuqorida keltirilgan gaplarning deyarli hammasida o`timsiz fe`llardan keyin “predlog + s” (predlog + ot) birikmasi kelgan. O`zbek tilida ega ot kelishik qo`shimchalari yoki ot ko`makchi bilan birga birikib kelishi mumkin.
O`zidan keyin predlogli birikmalarning kelishiga qarab, harakatni bildiruvchi o`timsiz fe`llarni ham o`z navbatida biror tomonga, predmetga yoki obyektga bo`ladigan yo`nalishni bildiruvchi fe`llarga ichkariga bo`ladigan yo`nalishni, tashqariga bo`ladigan yo`nalishni yoki bir tomondan, bir predmetdan boshqa tomonga bo`ladigan yo`nalishni ko`rsatuvchi fe`llarga bo`lishi mumkin.
Biror predmet yoki tomonga bo`ladigan yo`nalishini ko`rsatuvchi fe`llar:
…a countryman pointed out in direction of the cottage. (C.F.S p73)
I want to the window (E. H. F. p39)- Men deraza yoniga bordim.
We returned to the hospital – Biz kasalxonaga qaytdik
She went over to the wash stand- U rakovina tomonga ketdi
The boy ran to me like a wild thing – Bola men tomonga telbalarcha yugurib keldi.
Suddenly he walked towards Janny – To`satdan u Jenya tomon yurdi
He looked in the direction of the park – U park tomonga qaradi.
v) Biror predmet yoki biror tomonga bo`ladigan yo`nalishni ko`rsatuvchi o`timsiz fe`llarga quyidagi fe`llar kiradi.
To do to come to run
To return, to walk to point to look
va boshqa fe`llar kiradi. Bu fe`llar o`zidan keyin in the direction of + s, to + s, towards +s, at + s kabi predlogli birikmalarni oladi.
Ko`pincha ingliz tilida o`timsiz fe`llarbiror tomonga bo`lgan yo`nalishni bildirganda o`zidan keyin predlog olmaydi. Ko`pincha bunday hollarda predlogli birikmalar o`rniga “home, there, here” va somewhere kabi so`zlar ishtirok etadi.
He would go home.
Husbands, sons, and brothers were coming home
I`m going home.
He did not look there.
I wouldn`t go there.
Biroq “home” so`zi oldidan egalik olmoshi kelsa “to” yuklamasi qo`llaniladi.
Example: 1)… she thought of the others home (P. Y. D. p 103)
2) He has gone to his home (P.Y. D. p 104)
c) biror predmetdan boshqa tomonga bo`ladigan harakatni ko`rsatadi.
1) The voice came to him again out of the darkness
- ovoz unga yana qorong`ilikdan kelardi (P.Y.D p155)
2) He had fallen from a tree (P.Y.D. p167)
- U daraxtdan yiqilib tushdi.
3) A porter came out from under the shelter
- Hamma kulba tagidan chiqib keldi.
4) John fe`ll down the tru (O.D.Sh.P p127)
- Jon daraxtdan yiqildi.
5) Wind flew from the east (E.H.F. p5)
- Shamol sharqdan esardi.
6) He stepped out of bed (E.H.p173)
- U kravotdan turdi
d) Ichkariga bo`ladigan harakatni bildiradi.
1) Laura came into the hall – Laura zalga kirdi
2)He ran into the hall holding a box high in the air (K.MSS.p89) – U zalga yugurganiga, qo`lida qutichani baland ko`targan holda keldi.
3) They moved into the dining-room – Ular oshxonaga ko`chib kirishdi.
4) You walked into the waiting-room – Siz kutish xonasiga kirib ketdingiz
5) She went into the hall – U zalga bordi.
6) They entered the room – Ular xonaga kirishdi.
Yuqorida keltirilgan misollarda to come (kelmoq) to run (chopmoq yugirmoq), to move – ko`chmoq, to walk – yurmoq fe`llaridan keyin into + s predlogli birikmasi kelgani uchun ichkariga bo`ladigan harakatni ko`rsatadi va bu fe`llarning hammasi o`zbek tiliga ichkariga ko`chmoq, deb tarjima qilinadi. To enter – kirmoq, fe`li o`zidan keyin “into” predlogini olmaydi.
Agar “into” predlogini o`rniga “in” predlogi kelsa, u holda “in” predlogi o`zidan keyin yo`nalishni ko`rsatganda S (otni) olmaydi.
– Laura come in
– She run in
– They moved in
– She went in
– You walked in
f) tashqariga bo`ladigan harakatni bildiradi.
1) They went out of the room together (K.MSS.p27)
- Ular xonadan birga chiqib ketishdi.
2) We went out the corridor.
- Biz koridorga chiqdik
3) I went out then through the dining –room – (E.H.p121)
- men ovqatlanish xonasidan chiqib ketdim.
4) We went out for a walk.
- Biz tashqariga sayrga chiqdik
5) I looked outside it was dark (E.H.p38)
- Men tashqariga qaradim, atrof qorong`i edi.
6) They come out with a shudder (K.MSS.p66)
- Ular titragancha tashqariga chiqishdi.
Ingliz tilida tashqarida bo`ladigan harakatni ko`pincha, to do, to come, to look kabi o`timsiz fe`llar out, out of predloglari va predlogli birikmalar yordamida beriladi. Biz harakatni bildiruvchi leksik-semantik guruhga kiruvchi o`timsiz fe`llarni ularning o`zidan keyin qanday predlog va predlogli birikmalari olishga qarab to`rtga bo`ldik, ya`ni biror predmetga tomon bo`ladigan harakat ichkariga bo`ladigan harakatni ko`rsatuvchi o`timsiz fe`llar v tashqariga bo`ladigan harakatni ko`rsatuvchi fe`llardir.
Lekin ingliz tilidagi boshqa harakatni ifodalovchi fe`llar odatda predlogsiz va predlogli birikmalarsiz ishlatiladi.
Bunday fe`llarga ingliz tilidagi to enter, to cross, to pass va shu kabi fe`llar kiradi.
We crossed the brickyard (E. H.F. p38) – Biz g`ishtli hovlini kesib o`tdik.
First we passed the regiment (E.H.F. p26) – Eng avval biz polk yonidan o`tdik.
He passed the Negro again (C.Mas. 14) – U yana negr yonidan o`tdi.
Tashqi muhitga bo`lgan ta`sirini ko`rsatuvchi fe`llar, bunday fe`llarga ingliz tilida
