Māris kļaviņŠ, azamat azizov, JĀnis zaļoksnis environment, pollution, development: the case of uzbekistan


Foothill  semi-deserts  and  steppes



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environment-pollution-development-the-case-of-uzbekistan

Foothill  semi-deserts  and  steppes  are found in the foothill 
zone  800-1200  m  above  sea  level,  and  a  30-50 km  strip  that  en-
compasses the mountainous ranges. They account for around 
two-thirds of the mountainous territory of the Republic. River 
and  coastal  ecosystems  are  in  the  plains  of  the  Amu  Darya  and 
Syr  Darya  River  valleys  and  downstream  areas  of  the  Zeravshan 
River and the Surkhan Darya River. Here, there are three main types 
of ecosystems: tugai, weed thickets, and rivers and open shoals. Tugai 
tracts are preserved in narrow strips or islands in the Amu Darya 
River and its delta. They can also be found in the Syr Darya, Surkhan 
Darya, Zeravshan, and Chirchik River valleys. The rivers and open 
shoals are home to many rare and endangered animal species. 
Wetland areas (inland waterways and marshes) can be divided into 
natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. They are similar to river and 
coastal ecosystems, except for their larger water surface area and 
higher humidification. Natural wetland areas are located in the Amu 
Darya River delta, occupying approximately 700 thousand hectares. 
As water in-flow to the delta declined, shifting the coastal outlay of 
the Aral Sea, numerous natural freshwater lakes disappeared, tugai 
areas decreased two-fold, and reed areas decreased six-fold. Only 
in  recent  years,  as  inflow  of  collected  drainage  water  has  slowly 


2. UZBEKISTAN: A COUNTRY WITH HISTORY, PRESENT AND FUTURE
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increased,  have  some  lake  ecosystems  recovered.  Anthropogenic 
wetlands  are  artificial  water  reservoirs  and  overflow  lakes.  The 
Aydar-Arnasai lake system, Dengizkul, Karakir, and Solyonoe Lakes 
are the vastest of these.

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